INTRODUCTION
Lk 1:56-58 informs us that Mary stayed with Elizabeth for
three months; just short of her delivering her son John. Neighbours
and relatives rejoiced with her because of the extraordinary mercy
shown her. Mercy is generally thought of as unmerited forgiveness.
Quite obviously the mercy spoken of here is the bountiful and
awesome blessing and favour. These verses are a fulfillment of
Lk 1:5-26 and especially verses 13-14:
The first use of a spiritual understanding of circumcision is
in Exodus 6:12. The pre-incarnate Son of God asked Moses to go
to Pharaoh. Moses responded with a self-effacing expression: The
children of Israel have not heeded me. How then shall Pharaoh
heed me, for I am of uncircumcised lips?
In that famous blessings and cursings chapter, Leviticus 26, Moses
presents God's view saying that they would perish among the
nations (v 38):
The apostle Paul maintained his position throughout his ongoing
ministry.
Similar concepts about circumcision are hidden in ancient and
primitive rituals of initiation. In a death and resurrection section
from J.G. Frazer's, The Golden Bough, (abridged
edition; N.Y.: Macmillan, 1947), we read:
DELIVERANCE
What has, in brief summary, been covered in previous studies?
THE PROMISES TO ABRAHAM
At this point I'd like to add material that probably should have
been included in the previous study: Mary and Elizabeth.
Let's examine further the meaning of verses 54-55 of Luke 1. We'll
also look at associated verses throughout the Bible.
Lk 1:54-5 says: He has helped His servant Israel,
in remembrance of His mercy, 55 as He spoke to our fathers, to
Abraham and to his seed forever.
We should also recall here Lk 1:32-33 and then see what Scripture
says these things mean.
Lk 1:32-33 "He will be great, and will be called the
Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne
of His father David. (When would this happen and how?) 33
And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His
Kingdom there will be no end."
Is the Son of the Highest now reigning over the Israel
of God? Is He, even now, the King of spiritual Israel?
Is 41:8-10 picks up the phraseology:
Jacob, Israel, servant are all singular nouns, but they apply
in a broader sense to the descendants of Abraham. And who are
they?
But you, Israel, are My servant, Jacob whom I have chosen,
the descendants of Abraham My friend.
9 You whom I have taken from the ends of the earth, and
called from its farthest regions, and said to you, 'You are My
servant, I have chosen you and have not cast you away: 10 Fear
not, for I am with you; be not dismayed, for I am your God. I
will strengthen you, Yes, I will help you, I will uphold
you with My righteous right hand.'
The descriptions in vv 9-10 surely remind us of Jesus Christ,
the Servant of God. We're also reminded of the servants of God,
who are not forsaken, who are from all parts of the earth, who
are the friends of Jesus Christ, are assured that the work started
in them will be finished. The following verses confirm this.
Is 42:1 Behold! My Servant whom I uphold, My Elect One
in whom My soul delights! I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will
bring forth justice to the Gentiles.
Matthew quotes Is 42:1 in Mt 12:18 as applicable to Christ.
Is 43:1,10 But now, thus says the LORD, who created you,
O Jacob, and He who formed you, O Israel: "Fear not, for
I have redeemed you; I have called you by your name; You are Mine."
10 "You are My witnesses," says the LORD, "And
My servant whom I have chosen, that you may know and believe Me,
and understand that I am He."
Verse 10 uses the plural and singular, 'witnesses' and 'servant',
to suggest unity of belief in those who follow the Servant, Jesus
Christ, the Son of God.
Is 44:1-3 Yet hear now, O Jacob My servant, and Israel
whom I have chosen. 2 Thus says the LORD who made you and formed
you from the womb, who will help you: 'Fear not, O Jacob My servant;
and you, Jeshurun (possibly signifying the Upright One,
a name for the Israel of God; occurs elsewhere only in Dt 32:15;
33:5,26), whom I have chosen. 3 For I will pour water on him who
is thirsty, and floods on the dry ground; I will pour My Spirit
on your descendants, and My blessing on your offspring;
We should not fail to see the continuity of reference to the Servant
and servants of God-almost interchangeably-to again suggest a
supreme purpose for the sons of God. And what extraordinary words
from the God and Father of Jesus Christ to His Son (also see Jn
20:17; Rom 15:6; 2Cor 1:2-3; 11:31; Eph 1:2-3,17; Col 1:2-3; Heb
1:8-9; 1Pet 1-3; Rev 1:7; 3:12,14,21).
Is 44:21 Remember these, O Jacob, and Israel, for you are
My servant; I have formed you, you are My servant; O Israel, you
will not be forgotten by Me!
Is 49:3,5,6 And He said to me, 'You are My servant, O
Israel, in whom I will be glorified.' 5 And now the LORD says,
who formed Me from the womb to be His Servant, to bring Jacob
back to Him, so that Israel is gathered to Him (For I shall be
glorious in the eyes of the LORD, and My God shall be My strength),
6 Indeed He says, 'It is too small a thing that You should be
My Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the
preserved ones of Israel; I will also give You as a Light to the
Gentiles, that You should be My salvation to the ends of the earth.'
Is 50:10 Who among you fears the LORD? Who obeys the voice
of His Servant? Who walks in darkness and has no light? Let him
trust in the Name of the LORD and rely upon his God.
Abraham understood these things that Isaiah wrote about some 1000
years later. Paul confirms this for us in:
Is 52:13 Behold, My Servant shall deal prudently; He shall
be exalted and extolled and be very high.
Is 53:11 He shall see the labour of His soul, and be satisfied.
By His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, shall justify
many, for He shall bear their iniquities.
Gal 3:8 And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify
the Gentiles by faith, preached the Gospel to Abraham beforehand,
saying, "In you all the nations shall be blessed."
Do we notice how Paul understood the phrase, "In you,
(Abraham, Isaac, Jacob), shall all the nations of the earth be
blessed"? It is used in Gen 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; 26:4;
28:14. So we are given the apostolic understanding that the patriarchs,
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, understood that this blessing meant
that the Gospel would go to all the world. This is consistent
with the promises to the saints whose names are in the Book of
Life and who will be gathered together to form the Israel of God-the
nation Israel, and the company of nations, the twelve
tribes (Rev 7:4-8; 14:1-5; Gal 6:16)-which is the gathering together
of the scattered Remnant and the Firstfruits of God
(see Rom 9:27-28; 11:5; Is 10:20-23; 28:5; 46:3-4; Jer 23:3; 31:7;
Ezk 6:8; Joel 2:32; Amos 5:15; 9:12; Mic 2:12-13; 4:6-8; 5:3-5a,7,8;
7:18; Zeph 3:13; Zech 8:6,11-13).
We should note the key phrases from Gen 12:3, in you all the
families of the earth shall be blessed; 17:6, I will make
nations of you, and kings shall come from you; 17:16, [and
Sarah shall be a mother of] nations and kings shall come from
her; 28:3, [Isaac said to Jacob] that you may be
an assembly of peoples; 35:11, [the pre-incarnate Jesus Christ
spoke to Jacob, now named Israel] a nation and a company of
nations shall proceed from you, and kings shall come from your
body. These awesome promises were ratified as part of the
preamble to the Covenant made with Israel at Sinai (Ex
19:1 to 24:8) and which they failed to keep because of lack of
faith:
The promise of becoming a nation (the Israel of God, which
is made up of twelve nations) which is a Kingdom of priests
is confirmed in 1Pet 2:9-10; Rev 1:6; 5:9-10.
Let's look further at Abraham's faith in the future he was given
to understand.
Heb 11:17-19 By faith Abraham, when he was tested, offered
up Isaac, and he who had received the promises offered up his
only begotten son (Gk ton monogene; cp. Jn 1:14, os
monogous para patros, the only begotten of the Father; Jn
1:18, monogenes theos, only begotten god; Jn 3:18, ton
monogenous hiou tou theou, the only begotten son of the God;
1Jn 4:9, tou monogene, the only begotten), 18 of whom it
was said, "In Isaac your seed shall be called," 19 concluding
that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead, from which
he also received him in a figurative sense (Gk en parabole);
i.e., Abraham saw the parallelism in the parable: Abraham and
Isaac in this act on Mt Moriah foreshadowed the sacrifice of the
Son of the Father and resurrection of the Son by His Father (cp.
Gen 22:5 which tells us that Abraham told his servants to stay
at the foot of the mountain and that he and his son would return).
Let us examine further the spiritual meaning of the promises
given to Abraham.
Rom 4:7-18 "Blessed are those whose lawless deeds
are forgiven, and whose sins are covered; 8 blessed is the man
to whom the LORD shall not impute sin" (from Ps 32:1-2).
9 Does this blessedness then come upon the circumcised only (i.e.,
Israelites by race and culture), or upon the uncircumcised also
(Gentiles by race and culture)? For we say that faith was accounted
to Abraham for righteousness (and the blessings through the faith
of Abraham were prophesied to be upon many peoples). 10 How then
was it accounted? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised?
Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised. 11 And he received
the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the
faith which he had while still (physically) uncircumcised,
that he might be the father of all those who believe (irrespective
of race), though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might
be imputed to them also, 12 and the father of circumcision to
those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk
in the steps of the faith which our father Abraham had while still
uncircumcised. 13 For the promise that he would be the heir
of the world was not to Abraham or to his seed through the
law (with its many national applications, but being spiritual
laws they could not be observed nationally, whereas the calling
of God extends to all the corners of the earth to all who will
be saved), but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For if those
who are of the law are heirs (and they did not have faith), faith
is made void and the promise made of no effect, 15 because the
law brings about wrath; for where there is no law there is no
transgression (but there is law, so there is transgression, and
faith is required for forgiveness). 16 Therefore it is of faith
that it might be according to grace, so that the promise might
be sure to all the seed (of all peoples on the earth), not only
to those who are of the law, but also to those who are of the
faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all 17 (as it is written,
"I have made you a father of many nations") in the presence
of Him whom he believed; God, who gives life to the dead and calls
those things which do not exist as though they did; 18 who, contrary
to hope, in hope believed, so that he became the father of many
nations, according to what was spoken, "So shall your descendants
be."
The apostle Paul understood that the descendants of Abraham
meant the preaching of the Gospel to all the world and in that
historic process peoples from all nations would be blessed. He
continues with that thought and belief throughout the following
chapters of the Epistle to the Romans.
Rom 9:6-9 But it is not that the word of God has taken
no effect. For they are not all Israel who are of Israel, 7 nor
are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham (i.e.,
in a racial sense); but, "In Isaac your seed shall be called"
(and since Isaac prefigures Jesus Christ, we should recognize
that all peoples are called into Jesus Christ and so become the
children of Abraham and the children of God). 8 That is, those
who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children
of God; but the children of the promise are counted as
the seed (just as Isaac was, born after Ishmael, who was the firstborn
son of Abraham, but who (i.e., Ishmael) prefigures all those whose
belief is not according to the Faith (cp. Abel and Cain, Jacob
and Esau, where the righteous son was not firstborn according
to the flesh, but was firstborn according to the Spirit. The thought
continues in Rom 9:9 For this is the word of promise: "At
this time I will come and Sarah shall have a son."
Galatians 4:21-31 makes the parallels of Sinai, Hagar, Ishmael,
the old covenant and Jerusalem, with Zion, Sarah, Isaac, the new
covenant and New Jerusalem. Though far more could be said on this,
let's leave that for another time and continue with Paul's explanations.
Rom 10:1-3 Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God
for Israel (of the flesh) is that they may be saved. 2 For I bear
them witness that they have a zeal for God (which is seemingly
rooted in the Scriptures-as was with Cain, Ishmael, Esau, Judas),
but not according to knowledge (So Paul believed Israel was in
the Land while he was there). 3 For they being ignorant of
God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness,
have not submitted to the righteousness of God.
The Ishmaelites of the NT prefer the righteousness of dogma,
traditions, humanly chosen heroes of religion, but they do not
heed the teachings of the apostles, prophets, and the Jesus Christ
of the Scriptures.
Rom 11:7 What then? (Paul asks). Israel has not obtained
what it seeks (i.e., all the promises given to Israel); but the
elect have obtained it, and the rest were blinded (cp.
Jer 3:8,14,15; Hos 2:19-20).
ABRAHAM, DAVID, THE CHURCH
Rom 11:25 For I do not desire, brethren, that you should
be ignorant of this mystery, lest you should be wise in your own
opinion, that blindness in part has happened to Israel until the
fullness of the Gentiles has come in.
Rom 11:28-32 Concerning the Gospel they are enemies for
your sake, but concerning the election they are beloved for the
sake of the fathers (because in due time God wants all to be saved).
29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable (i.e.,
God does want all to be saved; He has a Plan of Salvation; there
is one calling, one baptism, one repentance, one giving of grace-and
there is no other opportunity except the one given by God once).
30 For as you were once disobedient to God, yet have now obtained
mercy through their disobedience, 31 even so these also have now
been disobedient, that through the mercy shown you they also may
obtain mercy. 32 For God has committed them all to disobedience,
that He might have mercy on all.
Let us go back to Luke and pick up another line of teaching: the
connection between Abraham, David, Christ (Mt 1:17, 14 generations
from Abraham to David, 14 generations from David to the Babylonian
Captivity (587BC), 14 generations from the
Captivity until Christ). Luke persists in reviewing, recalling,
and connecting major issues, and they all focus in the Way God
offers salvation.
Lk 1:32-3 "He will be great, and will be called the
Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne
of His father David (How and when?). 33 And He will reign over
the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no
end."
If we leap ahead a little to the next chapter we note the persistence
of the doctrinal message:
Lk 2:29-32 (Simeon, who was waiting for the Consolation
[Gk paraklesis] of Israel, prayed to God as he held the 8-day
old Jesus who was brought into the temple for his circumcision):
"Lord, now You are letting Your servant depart in peace,
according to Your word; 30 For my eyes have seen Your salvation
31 which You have prepared before the face of all peoples, 32
a Light to bring revelation to the Gentiles, and the Glory of
Your people Israel."
Following are examples of Scripture probably on Simeon's mind
as he prayed in his exhilaration:
Is 40:1,11 "Comfort, yes, comfort My people!"
says your God. 11 He will feed His flock like a shepherd; He will
gather the lambs with His arm, and carry them in His bosom, and
gently lead those who are with young.
Even at the very end God asks that His chosen ones come out
of Babylon (Rev 18:4; Jer 51:6,45).
Mic 4:6-10 "In that day," says the LORD, "I
will assemble the lame, I will gather the outcast and those whom
I have afflicted; 7 I will make the lame a remnant, and the outcast
a strong nation (Rev 7 and 14 that speaks of the 144,000
who make up one nation, the Israel of God, and a company of nations,
the 12 tribes); so the LORD will reign over them in Mount Zion
(the Church, Heb 12:22-23) from now on, even forever. 8 And you,
O Tower of the flock, the Stronghold of the daughter of Zion,
to You shall it come, even the former dominion shall come, the
Kingdom of the daughter of Jerusalem" (i.e., Christ is given
the kingdom which is the Kingdom of priests, Ex 19:4-6; 1Pet 2:5,9;
Rev 1:6; 5:9-10). 9 Now why do you cry aloud? Is there no king
in your midst? Has your counsellor perished? For pangs have seized
you like a woman in labour (feelings of being forsaken as Christ
felt on the cross, but God has promised never to leave, never
to forsake His children). 10 Be in pain, and labour to bring forth,
O daughter of Zion, like a woman in birth pangs (Is 54:1-3 makes
the comparison between the woman who is barren and the
woman who has many children. This is parabolic of Sarah and Hagar;
see also Rev 12:1ff). For now you shall go forth from the city,
you shall dwell in the field, and to Babylon you shall go. There
you shall be delivered; there the LORD will redeem you from the
hand of your enemies.
Mic 5:2-6 "But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you
are little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of you shall
come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, whose goings forth
are from of old, from everlasting." 3 Therefore He shall
give them up (i.e., Israel), until the time that she who is in
labour has given birth; then the remnant of His brethren
shall return to the children of Israel (the grafting of Rom 11
seems to be implied here). 4 And He shall stand and feed His flock
in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the Name of the
LORD His God; and they shall abide, for now He shall be great
to the ends of the earth; 5 And this One shall be peace. When
the Assyrian comes into our land, and when he treads in our palaces,
then we will raise against him seven shepherds and eight princely
men. 6 They shall waste with the sword the land of Assyria, and
the land of Nimrod at its entrances; thus He (the Messiah) shall
deliver us from the Assyrian (Babylon at the end time), when He
comes into our land and when He treads within our borders.
Does this suggest the 7 messengers to the seven churches of Rev
2-3 and the One, like the Son of Man, who stands in the midst
of the seven lampstands (Rev 1:13; 2:1)?
13 But the angel said to him, "Do not be afraid, Zacharias,
for your prayer is heard; and your wife Elizabeth will bear you
a son, and you shall call his name John. 14 And you will have
joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth.
CIRCUMCISION
What is the meaning of circumcision?
Lk 1:59-66 So it was, on the eighth day, that they came
to circumcise the child; and they would have called him by the
name of his father, Zacharias. 60 His mother answered and said,
"No; he shall be called John." (This was contrary to
tradition and family culture). 61 But they said to her, "There
is no one among your relatives who is called by this name."
62 So they made signs to his father (Zacharias could not speak
nor hear); what he would have him called. 63 And he asked for
a writing tablet, and wrote, saying, "His name is John"
(God is gracious). So they all marveled. 64 Immediately
his mouth was opened and his tongue loosed, and he spoke, praising
God. 65 Then fear came on all who dwelt around them; and all these
sayings were discussed throughout all the hill country of Judea.
66 And all those who heard them kept them in their hearts, saying,
"What kind of child will this be?" And the hand of the
Lord was with him.
In recognition of our own calling each of us might ask: Since
I am called, since my name is in the book of life, since God is
quite evidently doing His Work in me (Jn 6:29; 17:3), what shall
be my progress in the time ahead? Shall I endure to the end of
my life and die in the hope of the first resurrection, or shall
I live to be made incorruptible at His Coming?
Lev 26:40-42 'But if they confess their iniquity and the
iniquity of their fathers, with their unfaithfulness in which
they were unfaithful to Me, and that they also have walked contrary
to Me, 41 and that I also have walked contrary to them and have
brought them into the land of their enemies; if their uncircumcised
hearts are humbled, and they accept their guilt; 42 then
I will remember My covenant with Jacob, and My covenant with
Isaac and My covenant with Abraham I will remember; I will
remember the land.
We notice that circumcision has to do with repentance and
the gracious gifts that follow after admission of sin and seeking
forgiveness. We should also notice that the promises to Abraham,
Isaac, and Jacob are conditional on repentance.
Dt 10:16 Circumcise the foreskin of your heart (remove
that veil of covering from your heart so that the sensitivities
of God's spiritual Law might delight your heart), and be stiff-necked
no longer (holding of the head of pride in arrogance, defiance,
and shamelessness).
It is not surprising, that like Cain, the religious leaders during
Christ's apostolic ministry, had their strange ideas about what
the law required for acceptance by God. This poison of
arrogance and folly crept into the NT church and was a problem
for years. At the Jerusalem conference, probably 50 AD,
decisions were ratified as Acts 15 records.
Dt 30:6 The LORD your God will circumcise your heart and
the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with
all your heart and with all your soul, that you may live.
Jer 4:4 Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and take away
the foreskins of your hearts, you men of Judah and inhabitants
of Jerusalem, lest My fury come forth like fire, and burn so that
no one can quench it, because of the evil of your doings.
Jer 6:10 To whom shall I speak and give warning, that they
may hear? Indeed their ear is uncircumcised, and they cannot give
heed (they are insensate to the Word of God). Behold, the word
of the LORD is a reproach to them; they have no delight in it.
Jer 9:26b
all the house of Israel are uncircumcised
in the heart.
Acts 15:1-2,5,13-18,24 And certain men came down from Judea
and taught the brethren, "Unless you are circumcised according
to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved." 2 Therefore,
when Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and dispute with
them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas and certain others
of them should go up to Jerusalem, to the apostles and elders,
about this question. 5 But some of the sect of the Pharisees
who believed rose up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise
them (i.e., Gentiles in the church), and to command them to keep
the law of Moses."
So a major conference was called, which included apostles, elders,
and the church in Jerusalem (vv 12,22), to decide this contentious
issue. There was much disputing, but Peter stood up to summarize
in terms of what God was in fact among the Gentiles. Paul and
Barnabas were asked to speak in the hearing of the entire conference.
Then James, apparently the pastor of the Jerusalem church, called
them to heed:
13 And after they had become silent, James answered, saying, "Men
and brethren, listen to me: 14 Simon has declared how God at the
first visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His
Name. 15 And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as
it is written (in Amos 9:11-12): 16 'After this I will return
and will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down;
I will rebuild its ruins, and I will set it up; 17 so that the
rest of mankind may seek the LORD, even all the Gentiles who are
called by My Name, says the LORD who does all these things.'"
The conference came to see, it would seem through seeking understanding
through the Scriptures by the spirit of Truth, that the ruin of
Israel was foreseen, and that this gap was to be filled by Gentiles
being grafted into the Olive Tree of Israel (Rom 11). The same
rules of growth and fruitfulness must apply to all the branches
of the one olive tree.
Acts 15:18 "Known to God from eternity are all His works,"
James added.
A conference communique was formulated which included:
Acts 15:24 .. we have heard that some who went out from us have
troubled you with words, unsettling your souls, saying, "You
must be circumcised and keep the law"; to whom we gave no
such commandment.
Though no commandment was given, certain assumptions were not
dealt with and fanatical elements pushed their own barrows.
Rom 2:28-29 For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor
is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh; 29 but he
is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the
heart, in the Spirit, not in the letter; whose praise is not from
men but from God (because God is the judge of the circumcision
of the heart, and each of us should judge ourselves [1Cor 2:15;
11:31-32]).
This affirms that Jew and Gentile have the same standards of conduct
in the church.
Gal 6:15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision
avails anything, but a new creation.
We recognize that circumcision is a sign of hearing God,
changing our hearts towards God and sin, putting
off the body of sins, buried with Christ in baptism-as
Rom 6 speaks about more fully-and being raised in newness of life
through the promise of resurrection.
Phil 3:3 For we are the circumcision, who worship God in
the Spirit, rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in
the flesh.
Col 2:11-13 In Him you were also circumcised with the circumcision
made without hands, by putting off the body of the sins of the
flesh, by the circumcision of Christ, 12 buried with Him in baptism,
in which you also were raised with Him through faith in the working
of God, who raised Him from the dead. 13 And you, being dead in
your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh, He has made
alive together with Him, having forgiven you all trespasses.
Among some primitive peoples, when blood of a tribesman
has to be spilt it is not suffered to fall upon the ground, but
is received upon the bodies of his fellow-tribesmen [see Ex
24:8; Is 52:15; 63;3; Heb 10:22]. Thus in some Australian
tribes boys who are being circumcised are laid on a platform,
formed by the living bodies of the tribesmen (p 229).
It would seem apparent that the monster in this ceremony represents,
for us, Satan, who devours his children, but redemption is obtained
by circumcision. Just as Israel was circumcised at Gilgal, which
in Hebrew sounds like "roll back", and the reproach
of Egypt [produced by the monster Rahab and Leviathan; Is 27:1;
30:7; 51:9; Ezk 29:3-5; 32:2-10] was rolled away, so the repentant
saint has his sins 'rolled away' (just as the rock was rolled
away from the tomb entrance and Christ rose)-rises from baptism
and is regarded by God as circumcised (Col 2:11-13).
Some tribes of Northern New Guinea-the Yakim, Bukana,
Kai, and Tami-like many Australian tribes, require every male
member of the tribe to be circumcised before he ranks as a full-grown
man; and the tribal initiation, of which circumcision is the central
feature, is conceived by them, as by some Australian tribes, as
a process of being swallowed by a mythical monster, whose voice
is heard in the humming sound of the bull-roarer.
a hut
about a hundred feet long [30m] is erected either in the village
or in a lonely part of the forest. It is modelled in the shape
of the mythical monster; at the end which represents his head
it is high, and it tapers away at the other end. A betel-palm,
grubbed up with the roots, stands for the backbone of the great
being and its clustering fibres for his hair; and to complete
the resemblance the butt end of the building is adorned by a native
artist with a pair of goggle eyes and a gaping mouth. When after
a tearful parting from their mothers and women folk, who believe
or pretend to believe in the monster that swallows their dear
ones, the awe-struck novices are brought face to face with this
imposing structure, the huge creature emits a sullen growl, which
is in fact no other than the humming note of the bull-roarers
swung by men concealed in the monster's belly.
the present
of a pig, opportunely offered for the redemption of the youth,
induces the monster to relent [from keeping him in its belly]
and disgorge its victim; the man who represents the monster accepts
the gift vicariously, a gurgling sound is heard, and the water
which had just been swallowed descends in a jet on the novice.
This signifies that the young man has been released from the monster's
belly. However, he has now to undergo the more painful and dangerous
operation of circumcision. It follows immediately, and the cut
made by the knife of the operator is explained to be the bite
or scratch which the monster inflicted on the novice in spewing
him out of its capacious maw. While the operation is proceeding,
a prodigious noise is made swinging the bull-roarers to represent
the roar of the dreadful being who is in the act of swallowing
the young man.
When, as sometimes happens, a lad dies from the
effect of the operation, he is buried secretly in the forest,
and his sorrowing mother is told that the monster has a pig's
stomach as well as a human stomach, and that unfortunately her
son slipped into the wrong stomach, from which it is impossible
to extricate him. After they have been circumcised the lads remain
for some months in seclusion, shunning all contact with women
and even the sight of them. They live in the long hut which represents
the monster's belly. When at last the lads, now ranking as initiated
men, are brought back with great pomp and ceremony to the village,
they are received with sobs and tears of joy by the women, as
if the grave had given up its dead [symbolic of resurrection].
At first the young men keep their eyes rigidly closed or even
sealed with a plaster of chalk, and they appear not to understand
the words of command which are given them by an elder. Gradually,
however, they come to themselves as if awakening from a stupor,
and next day they bathe and wash off the crust of white chalk
with which their bodies had been coated.
the being who swallows and disgorges the
novices at initiation is believed to be a powerful ghost or ancestral
spirit, and that the bull-roarer, which bears his name, is his
material representative (pp 694-695).
Once Zechariah, Zecharias in Greek, had expressed his full agreement
with the message Gabriel had brought, with his hearing and speech
restored, he prophesied of deliverance and salvation.
Lk 1:67-80 Now his father Zacharias was filled with the
Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying: 68 "Blessed is the
Lord God of Israel, for He has visited and redeemed His people,
69 and has raised up a horn [a symbol for leader who is anointed
by God; Ps 132:17; Ezk 29:21] leader of salvation for us in
the house of His servant David [here is the NT perspective
that Jesus Christ came to the House of David which was in Israel
then and not extant through the supposed marriage of another king
and princess elsewhere], 70 as He spoke by the mouth of His holy
prophets, who have been since the world began,
Just as the Holy Spirit revealed through Zecharias, so Paul likewise
understood, as he explained to his listeners in the synagogue
in Antioch, Pisidia:
71-74 [see also Gen 12:1-3; 15:5,18; 17:6-9; 18:18-19;
22:16-18; 26:3-4) that we should be saved from our enemies and
from the hand of all who hate us, 72 to perform the mercy promised
to our fathers and to remember His holy covenant, 73 the
oath which He swore to our father Abraham [v 55 as He spoke
to our fathers, to Abraham and to his seed forever; and see
again Gal 3:16,18; Rom 4:10-12; and carefully consider Gal 4:21-31]:
74 to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies,
might serve Him without fear,
75-76 in holiness and righteousness before Him all the
days of our life. 76 And you, child, will be called the prophet
of the Highest; for you will go before the face of the Lord to
prepare His ways, (cf. Lk 1:32 He will be called great,
and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will
give Him the throne of His father David)
77-80 to give knowledge of salvation to His people by the
remission of their sins, 78 through the tender mercy of our God,
with which the Dayspring from on high has visited us; 79 to give
light to those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death, to
guide our feet into the way of peace." 80 So the child grew
and became strong in spirit, and was in the deserts till the day
of his manifestation to Israel (when he, John the Baptist, would
prepare the Way for His Messiah [Mal 3:1; Is 40:3]).
Acts 13:22-27 After removing Saul, God made David their
king. He testified concerning him: 'I have found David son of
Jesse a man after My own heart; he will do everything I want him
to do.' 23 From this man's descendants God has brought to Israel
the Saviour Jesus, as He promised. 24 Before the coming of Jesus,
John preached repentance and baptism to all the people of Israel.
25 As John was completing his work, he said: 'Who do you think
I am? I am not that One. No, but He is coming after me, whose
sandals I am not worthy to untie.' 26 Brothers, children of Abraham,
and you God-fearing Gentiles, it is to us that this message of
salvation has been sent. 27 The people of Jerusalem and their
rulers did not recognize Jesus, yet in condemning Him they fulfilled
the words of the prophets that are read every Sabbath.
Again we should notice the consistency of Scripture as against
the inconsistency of traditions about the throne of David.
Ps 132:10-18 For Your servant David's sake, do not turn
away the face of Your Anointed. 11 The LORD has sworn in truth
to David; He will not turn from it: "I will set upon your
throne the fruit of your body. 12 If your [royal] sons will keep
My covenant and My testimony which I shall teach them, their sons
also shall sit upon your throne forevermore." 13 For the
LORD has chosen Zion (the Church); He has desired it for His dwelling
place: 14 "This is My resting place forever; here I will
dwell, for I have desired it (And does not Christ dwell already
in His Church, and does he not rule His Church, which is the Israel
of God, and does he not rule from the throne of David now?) 15
I will abundantly bless her provision; I will satisfy her poor
with bread. 16 I will also clothe her priests with salvation,
and her saints shall shout aloud for joy. 17 There I will make
the horn of David grow; I will prepare a lamp for My Anointed.
18 His enemies I will clothe with shame, but upon Himself His
crown shall flourish" (compare Acts 3:18-26).
CONCLUSION
The Psalms are strongly definitive on this topic: how and when
the Messiah would rule from the Throne of David with the Israel
of God, the Church of God, the Bride of the King of kings. See,
for example, Ps 89:19-52.
Ps 105:9-10,42-45 The covenant which He made with Abraham,
and His oath to Isaac, 10 and confirmed it to Jacob for a statute,
to Israel as an everlasting covenant
And it is understood in the light of the conditions that they
recognize the Son of God, heed His voice, and obey His commands.
This is what characterizes the true Church and it is this people
who have the promises of Abraham, the throne of David, and reap
the blessings of having the King of Israel take it to its final
deliverance-the Land and the Promises which are the right of the
people described in Rev 1:4-6, 3:12,21, 5:9-13, 7:4-8, and Rev
14:1-4 which speaks of the 144,000.
42 For He remembered His holy promise, and Abraham His servant.
43 He brought out His people with joy, His chosen ones with gladness.
44 He gave them the lands of the Gentiles, and they inherited
the labour of the nations, 45 that they might observe His statutes
and keep His laws. Praise the LORD!