PART 1
The purpose of part one of this paper is to examine how God deals
with evil through His perfect judgments. Part two argues that
as Christians we must have the same perspectives and approach
to evil and sin as our heavenly Father and Jesus Christ, the Son
of God, have. This may necessitate changes in our attitudes towards
evil and in how we deal with sin within our own lives and in circles
of the society in which we live. Our human notions of good and
evil, love and hatred, mercy, judgment and punishment may not
necessarily be reflective of the mind of God. However, if we claim
to be followers of the Way, our standards of righteousness must
be in godly harmony with the perfect righteousness of God
(Mt 5:48).
Let us begin by examining how God executes His judgment upon evil.
THE ANGER OF GOD
The enemies of Israel were often considered the enemies of God,
for Israel was God's nation:
THE VENGEANCE OF GOD
THE MERCY OF GOD
The Role of Repentance
PART 2: THE CHRISTIAN AND THE PROBLEM OF EVIL
Solomon could quite legitimately have appealed to God for the
life of his enemies:
David speaks often of this "desire upon my enemies".
The Old Testament contains principles of legitimate punishment
for a wrongs done to a fellow Israelite:
The Old Testament also contains examples where human retribution
in the service of God and as part of His justice was allowed:
Human Wrath versus God's Wrath
We would all accept that we should pursue the fruits of the Spirit
of God, such as those listed in the New Testament, since these
are the attributes of God:
The Role of True Christian Love
RESISTING AND HATING EVIL
If possible, evil and the evil one are always to be resisted,
denounced and exposed by the Christian:
CHURCH DISCIPLINE
The Sin Offering
RECONCILIATION AND RESTITUTION
No-one is obligated to forgive unilaterally. Repentance is a pre-condition:
The writer of the Book of Hebrews also uses this analogy of being
outside the camp to refer to Christ's sufferings for the
sins of mankind outside the Holy City at a distance from the Temple.
This is then linked with our sufferings as we share in His reproach:
If sin is not dealt with and removed from the Church it can have
serious consequences that will require even more severe measures-on
the personal and collective level:
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEM OF EVIL
Sin, as we should know, is at the root of all of humanity's woes.
God defines sin and evil with many scriptural references (e.g.,
1Jn 3:4; Jn 8:44; Gn 2:9,17; Dt 31:19; Ps 37:27-9; Isa 7:15; Jer
17:9; Mic 3:2-4; Zeph 1:12; Rev 22:18-19). Today's culture is increasingly
unable to cope with the vast problems of evil. The churches are
confronted with the same problems and seem to have just as many
answers as the politicians attempting solutions.
It is axiomatic that God will correct to remove evil and sin from
those whom He loves:
Prov 3:11-12 My son, do not despise the chastening of the
LORD, nor detest His correction; 12 for whom the LORD loves He
corrects, just as a father the son in whom he delights.
God's chastening and correction at times involves His anger, in
regard to which we read:
Heb 12:5-11 And you have forgotten the exhortation which
speaks to you as to sons: "My son, do not despise the chastening
of the LORD, nor be discouraged when you are rebuked by Him; 6
for whom the LORD loves He chastens, and scourges every son whom
He receives." 7 If you endure chastening, God deals with
you as with sons; for what son is there whom a father does not
chasten? 8 But if you are without chastening, of which all have
become partakers, then you are illegitimate and not sons. 9 Furthermore,
we have had human fathers who corrected us, and we paid them respect.
Shall we not much more readily be in subjection to the Father
of spirits and live? 10 For they indeed for a few days chastened
us as seemed best to them, but He for our profit, that we may
be partakers of His holiness. 11 Now no chastening seems to be
joyful for the present, but painful; nevertheless, afterward it
yields the peaceable fruit of righteousness to those who have
been trained by it.
Neh 9:17 They refused to obey, and they were not mindful
of Your wonders that You did among them. But they hardened their
necks, and in their rebellion they appointed a leader to return
to their bondage. But You are God, ready to pardon, gracious and
merciful, slow to anger, abundant in kindness, and did
not forsake them.
God's anger is slow to be kindled, but once ignited, its power
and fierceness is incomprehensible to humans and is to be greatly
feared:
Ps 145:8 The LORD is gracious and full of compassion,
slow to anger and great in mercy.
Joel 2:13 So rend your heart, and not your garments; return
to the LORD your God, for He is gracious and merciful, slow
to anger, and of great kindness; and He relents from doing
harm.
Ps 90:11 Who knows the power of Your anger? For as the
fear of You, so is Your wrath.
The Scriptures give many examples of God's anger, and of the consequences
of His anger.
Jer 10:24 O LORD, correct me, but with justice; not in
Your anger, lest You bring me to nothing.
For instance, when the Israelites complained and murmured once
too often, God acted:
Num 11:1 Now when the people complained, it displeased
the LORD; for the LORD heard it, and His anger was aroused. So
the fire of the LORD burned among them, and consumed some in the
outskirts of the camp.
God also saw to it that those who were responsible for leading
the people astray to blatantly violate His covenant were punished-and
that His sentence was seen to have been carried out:
Num 25:4 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Take all the
leaders of the people and hang the offenders before the LORD,
out in the sun, that the fierce anger of the LORD may turn
away from Israel."
Such instantaneous judgment from God is not uniquely Old Testament,
as the example of God's punishment of Ananias and Sapphira reveals:
Acts 5:1-11 But a certain man named Ananias, with Sapphira
his wife, sold a possession. 2 And he kept back part of the proceeds,
his wife also being aware of it, and brought a certain part and
laid it at the apostles' feet. 3 But Peter said, "Ananias,
why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and
keep back part of the price of the land for yourself? 4 While
it remained, was it not your own? And after it was sold, was it
not in your own control? Why have you conceived this thing in
your heart? You have not lied to men but to God." 5 Then
Ananias, hearing these words, fell down and breathed his last.
So great fear came upon all those who heard these things. 6 And
the young men arose and wrapped him up, carried him out, and buried
him. 7 Now it was about three hours later when his wife came in,
not knowing what had happened. 8 And Peter answered her, "Tell
me whether you sold the land for so much?" She said, "Yes,
for so much." 9 Then Peter said to her, "How is it
that you have agreed together to test the Spirit of the Lord?
Look, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the
door, and they will carry you out." 10 Then immediately she
fell down at his feet and breathed her last. And the young men
came in and found her dead, and carrying her out, buried her by
her husband. 11 So great fear came upon all the church and upon
all who heard these things.
God is a jealous God who judges all who oppose Him:
Deut 6:15 (for the LORD your God is a jealous God among
you), lest the anger of the LORD your God be aroused against you
and destroy you from the face of the earth.
During His earthly ministry, Jesus Christ was also moved to anger:
Ps 6:1 O LORD, do not rebuke me in Your anger, nor chasten
me in Your hot displeasure.
Mark 3:5 And when He had looked around at them with anger,
being grieved by the hardness of their hearts, He said to the
man, "Stretch out your hand." And he stretched it out,
and his hand was restored as whole as the other.
So God punishes sin in His anger:
Ps 21:9 You shall make them as a fiery oven in the time
of Your anger; the LORD shall swallow them up in His wrath, and
the fire shall devour them.
Indeed, David called upon God to punish according to His anger:
Ps 78:49 He cast on them the fierceness of His anger, wrath,
indignation, and trouble, by sending angels of destruction among
them.
Ps 69:24 Pour out Your indignation upon them, and let
Your wrathful anger take hold of them.
ENEMIES OF GOD
God's anger is seen to be directed at His enemies:
Jer 21:5 I Myself will fight against you [Israel-or
anyone opposing God] with an outstretched hand and with a
strong arm, even in anger and fury and great
wrath.
What does it mean to be an enemy of God? How can we be in opposition
to God? How does God treat His enemies? Who are the enemies of
God?
And they are contrasted with those who love Him:
1Tim 5:14 Therefore I desire that the younger widows marry,
bear children, manage the house, give no opportunity to the
adversary to speak reproachfully. 15 For some have already
turned aside after Satan.
Rom 5:10 For if when we were enemies we were reconciled
to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled,
we shall be saved by His life.
Col 1:21 And you, who once were alienated and enemies in
your mind by wicked works, yet now He has reconciled
1Cor 16:22 If anyone does not love the Lord Jesus Christ,
let him be accursed. O Lord, come!
Gal 1:8-9 But even if we, or an angel from heaven, preach
any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let
him be accursed. 9 As we have said before, so now I say again,
if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have
received, let him be accursed.
Jas 4:4 Adulterers and adulteresses! Do you not know that
friendship with the world is enmity with God? Whoever therefore
wants to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.
Lev 26:15-16 and if you despise My statutes, or if your
soul abhors My judgments, so that you do not perform all My commandments,
but break My covenant, 16 I also will do this to you: I will even
appoint terror over you, wasting disease and fever which shall
consume the eyes and cause sorrow of heart. And you shall sow
your seed in vain, for your enemies shall eat it.
Ps 21:8 Your hand will find all Your enemies; Your right
hand will find those who hate You.
Ps 68:1 Let God arise, let His enemies be scattered; let
those also who hate Him flee before Him.
Jn 15:24 If I had not done among them the works which no
one else did, they would have no sin; but now they have seen and
also hated both Me and My Father.
Judg 5:31 Thus let all Your enemies perish, O LORD! But
let those who love Him be like the sun when it comes out in full
strength.
Ex 23:22 But if you indeed obey His voice and do all that
I speak, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary
to your adversaries.
This is especially true when their enemies rejoice over the correction
and punishment God imposes upon His people:
Gen 12:3 I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse
him who curses you; and in you all the families of the earth shall
be blessed.
Ps 34:21 Evil shall slay the wicked, and those who hate
the righteous shall be condemned.
Ps 81:14 I would soon subdue their enemies, and turn My
hand against their adversaries.
Ps 89:51 With which Your enemies have reproached, O LORD,
with which they have reproached the footsteps of Your anointed.
Jer 30:16 Therefore all those who devour you [Zion]
shall be devoured; and all your adversaries, every one of them,
shall go into captivity; those who plunder you shall become plunder,
and all who prey upon you I will make a prey.
Ezk 25:6-17 For thus says the Lord GOD: "Because you
[Ammon] clapped your hands, stamped your feet, and rejoiced
in heart with all your disdain for the land of Israel, 7 indeed,
therefore, I will stretch out My hand against you, and give you
as plunder to the nations; I will cut you off from the peoples,
and I will cause you to perish from the countries; I will destroy
you, and you shall know that I am the LORD." 8 Thus says
the Lord GOD: "Because Moab and Seir say, 'Look! The house
of Judah is like all the nations,' 9 therefore, behold, I will
clear the territory of Moab of cities, of the cities on its frontier,
the glory of the country, Beth Jeshimoth, Baal Meon, and Kirjathaim.
10 To the men of the East I will give it as a possession, together
with the Ammonites, that the Ammonites may not be remembered among
the nations. 11 And I will execute judgments upon Moab, and they
shall know that I am the LORD." 12 Thus says the Lord GOD:
"Because of what Edom did against the house of Judah by taking
vengeance, and has greatly offended by avenging itself on them,"
13 therefore thus says the Lord GOD: "I will also stretch
out My hand against Edom, cut off man and beast from it, and make
it desolate from Teman; Dedan shall fall by the sword. 14 I will
lay My vengeance on Edom by the hand of My people Israel, that
they may do in Edom according to My anger and according to My
fury; and they shall know My vengeance," says the
Lord GOD. 15 Thus says the Lord GOD: "Because the Philistines
dealt vengefully and took vengeance with a spiteful heart, to
destroy because of the old hatred," 16 therefore thus says
the Lord GOD: "I will stretch out My hand against the Philistines,
and I will cut off the Cherethites and destroy the remnant of
the seacoast. 17 I will execute great vengeance on them
with furious rebukes; and they shall know that I am the LORD,
when I lay My vengeance upon them."
Notice how God views those who would be His enemies by sinning
brazenly and defiantly against Him:
2Tim 3:8 Now as Jannes and Jambres resisted Moses, so
do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, disapproved
concerning the faith;
Heb 10:26-30 For if we sin willfully after we have
received the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a
sacrifice for sins, 27 but a certain fearful expectation of judgment,
and fiery indignation which will devour the adversaries. 28 Anyone
who has rejected Moses' law dies without mercy on the testimony
of two or three witnesses. 29 Of how much worse punishment, do
you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son
of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he
was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?
30 For we know Him who said, "Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,"
says the Lord. And again, "The LORD will judge His people."
1Sam 2:22-5 Now Eli was very old; and he heard everything
his sons did to all Israel, and how they lay with the women who
assembled at the door of the tabernacle of meeting. 23 So he
said to them, "Why do you do such things? For I hear of your
evil dealings from all the people. 24 No, my sons! For it is not
a good report that I hear. You make the Lord's people transgress.
25 If one man sins against another, God will judge him. But if
a man sins against the LORD, who will intercede for him?"
Nevertheless they did not heed the voice of their father, because
the LORD desired to kill them [He knew that they were incorrigibly
evil, and actually despised Him!].
God's judgment upon the household of Eli was irrevocable:
ISam 3:13-14 For I have told him [Eli] that I will judge
his house forever for the iniquity which he knows, because his
sons made themselves vile, and he did not restrain them. 14 and
therefore I have sworn to the house of Eli that the iniquity of
Eli's house shall not be atoned for by sacrifice or offering forever.
THE WRATH OF GOD
We need to realise that the wrath of God is not divine vindictiveness,
but is His faithful judgment against sin-the result of the violation
of the perfect standard of righteousness of His law-for which
man has no excuse:
Rom 1:18-21 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven
against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress
the truth in unrighteousness, 19 because what may be known of
God is manifest in them, for God has shown it to them. 20 For
since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly
seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal
power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse, 21 because,
although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God,
nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their
foolish hearts were darkened.
For those who abandon God when they know far better, the punishment
is even more severe:
Deut 28:20 The LORD will send on you [Israel - those
who know God] cursing, confusion, and rebuke in all that you
set your hand to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish
quickly, because of the wickedness of your doings in which you
have forsaken Me.
God's enemies who reject Him and who walk contrary to His will
despite His correction shall suffer His indignation:
Prov 2:23-9 Turn at my rebuke; surely I will pour out my
spirit on you; I will make my words known to you. 24 Because
I have called and you refused, I have stretched out my hand and
no one regarded, 25 because you disdained all my counsel, and
would have none of my rebuke, 26 I also will laugh at your calamity;
I will mock when your terror comes, 27 when your terror comes
like a storm, and your destruction comes like a whirlwind, when
distress and anguish come upon you. 28 Then they will call on
me, but I will not answer; they will seek me diligently, but they
will not find me. 29 because they hated knowledge and did not
choose the fear of the LORD, 30 they would have none of my counsel
and despised my every rebuke. 31 Therefore they shall eat the
fruit of their own way, and be filled to the full with their own
fancies.
To speak against the servants of God is to speak against God Himself
and to incur His wrath:
Prov 29:1 He who is often reproved, yet stiffens his
neck will suddenly be broken beyond healing.
Luke 19:27 'But bring here those enemies of mine, who did
not want me to reign over them, and slay them before me.
Phil 3:18 For many walk, of whom I have told you often,
and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the
cross of Christ.
Num 21:5 And the people spoke against God and against Moses:
"Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness?
For there is no food and no water, and our soul loathes this worthless
bread." 6 So the LORD sent fiery serpents among the people,
and they bit the people; and many of the people of Israel died.
Notice that the Israelites' complaints and accusations were directed
towards Moses, but in reality, by opposing him, they were opposing
the will of God.
The Psalmist confirms this:
Ps 78:19 Yes, they spoke against God: They said,
"Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?"
It is indeed a frightening prospect to incur God's wrath because
of our actions against a servant of His. He takes this very personally.
To raise a hand against the people of God may at times make an
individual an enemy of God. That the sage Gamaliel understood
this is evidenced in the advice he dispensed to the Sanhedrin
as to how they should deal with the apostles before them:
Acts 5:38-9 And now I say to you, keep away from these
men and let them alone; for if this plan or this work is of men,
it will come to nothing; 39 but if it is of God, you cannot overthrow
it; lest you even be found to fight against God.
There are times when God's wrath is unrestrained:
Deut 29:20 The LORD would not spare him; for then the anger
of the LORD and His jealousy would burn against that man, and
every curse that is written in this book would settle on him,
and the LORD would blot out his name from under heaven.
This is not to deny the truth of scriptures such as 2Pet 3:9,
that God is "not willing that any should perish but that
all should come to repentance." However, He knows those
whose hearts are defiantly opposed to Him, who reject Him. This
is why Jeremiah could even pray to God to withhold His
mercy and forgiveness against his enemies at His time of anger:
Deut 29:20 (NIV) The LORD will never be willing to forgive
him; his wrath and zeal will burn against that man. All the curses
written in this book will fall upon him, and the LORD will blot
out his name from under heaven.
Jer 18:23 Yet, LORD, You know all their counsel which is
against me, to slay me. Provide no atonement for their iniquity,
nor blot out their sin from Your sight; let them be overthrown
before You. Deal thus with them in the time of Your anger.
Devoted to Destruction
In the Old Testament, just as an offering could be dedicated
to God for holy use, so could the enemies of God, through their
wickedness, incur the wrath of God and so be "devoted to
destruction":
Lev 27:28-9 Nevertheless no devoted offering that a man
may devote to the LORD of all that he has, both man and beast,
or the field of his possession, shall be sold or redeemed; every
devoted offering is most holy to the LORD. 29 No person under
the ban, who may become doomed to destruction among men,
shall be redeemed, but shall surely be put to death.
The example of Amalek illustrates the fact that God can execute
His wrath upon His enemies using His human servants:
Josh 7:10-12 So the LORD said to Joshua: "Get up!
Why do you lie thus on your face? 11 Israel has sinned, and they
have also transgressed My covenant which I commanded them. For
they have even taken some of the accursed things, and have both
stolen and deceived; and they have also put it among their own
stuff. 12 Therefore the children of Israel could not stand before
their enemies, but turned their backs before their enemies, because
they have become doomed to destruction. Neither will I
be with you anymore, unless you destroy the accursed from among
you."
Ex 17:14,16 Then the LORD said to Moses, "Write this
for a memorial in the book and recount it in the hearing of Joshua,
that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under
heaven."
16 for he said, "Because the LORD has sworn: the LORD will
have war with Amalek from generation to generation."
Deut 25:17,19 Remember what Amalek did to you on the way
as you were coming out of Egypt
God therefore took it personally when Saul disobeyed the divine
command to destroy those whom God had named as His enemies:
19 Therefore it shall be, when the LORD your God has given you
rest from your enemies all around, in the land which the LORD
your God is giving you to possess as an inheritance, that you
[compare Ex 17:14, above] will blot out the remembrance
of Amalek from under heaven. You shall not forget.
1Sam 15:2-3 Thus says the LORD of hosts: "I will punish
Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he ambushed him on the way
when he came up from Egypt. 3 Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly
destroy all that they have, and do not spare them. But kill both
man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel and
donkey."
1Sam 28:18 (NRSV) Because you [Saul] did not obey the voice
of the LORD, and did not carry out his fierce wrath against Amalek,
therefore the LORD has done this thing to you today.
Even King David was severely punished as he, who knew better,
brought disdain upon the Name of God by his sinful actions:
2Sam 12:14 However, because by this deed you have given
great occasion to the enemies of the LORD to blaspheme, the
child also who is born to you shall surely die.
We can see that God's wrath against His enemies can be very intense.
Again, we make the point: the anger and wrath of God is not
divine vengefulness or unrestrained emotion. Rather, God's anger
is aroused because He is resolutely and persistently opposed to
intransigence in sin. All of God's enemies will be brought to
account as part of the perfect justice and judgment of God. The
wrath of God is the execution of the divine vengeance. Indeed,
the day of God's vengeance upon the earth is the day of the culmination
of His wrath:
Isa 13:9 (NRSV) See, the day of the LORD comes, cruel,
with wrath and fierce anger, to make the earth a desolation,
and to destroy its sinners from it.
Does the exercise of His wrath diminish or detract from His mercy,
we may ask?
The vengeance of God is an essential part of God's perfect justice;
this is why man, of and by himself, is unable to avenge himself
equitably:
Deut 32:41 If I whet My glittering sword, and My hand takes
hold on judgment, I will render vengeance to My
enemies, and repay those who hate Me.
Vengeance is God's full reward on His enemies for evil unrepented
of:
Deut 7:10 He repays those who hate Him to their face, to
destroy them. He will not be slack with him who hates Him; He
will repay him to his face [personally].
Correction of sinners at times involves "double" repayment-in
the sense of repayment in full measure (cf. Isa 51:19)
for the evil committed:
Ex 20:5 you shall not bow down to them nor serve them.
For I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity
of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth
generations of those who hate Me [the on-going effects of past
sins].
Isa 66:6 The sound of noise from the city! A voice from
the temple! The voice of the LORD, Who fully repays His
enemies!
Jer 5:9 "Shall I not punish them for these things?"
says the LORD. "And shall I not avenge Myself on such a nation
as this?"
Isa 40:1-2 "Comfort, yes, comfort My people!"
says your God. 2 "Speak comfort to Jerusalem, and cry out
to her, that her warfare is ended, that her iniquity is pardoned;
for she has received from the Lord's hand double for all her sins."
So Jeremiah's prayer for God's vengeance was not amiss:
Jer 16:18 And first I will repay double for their iniquity
and their sin, because they have defiled My land; they have filled
My inheritance with the carcasses of their detestable and abominable
idols.
Jer 17:18 Let them be ashamed who persecute me, but do
not let me be put to shame; let them be dismayed, but do not let
me be dismayed. Bring on them the day of doom, and destroy them
with double destruction!
Divine Hatred
Why is it inconceivable to some that God can actually hate?
God is love (1Jn 4:8), yet the Scriptures reveal that He also
hates-both sin and sinners. However, the divine
hatred, unlike raw human hatred, is pure. He hates sin
because He loves righteousness, which confronts evil:
Ps 11:5 The LORD tests the righteous, but the wicked and
the one who loves violence His soul hates.
Although He will destroy His unrepentant enemies, God takes no
pleasure in their death. Rather, it is His wish that they repent:
Prov 3:32 For the perverse person is an abomination
to the LORD, but His secret counsel is with the upright.
Prov 6:16-19 These six things the LORD hates, yes, seven
are an abomination to Him: 17 a proud look, a lying tongue, hands
that shed innocent blood, 18 a heart that devises wicked plans,
feet that are swift in running to evil, 19 a false witness who
speaks lies, and one who sows discord among brethren.
Prov 8:13 The fear of the LORD is to hate evil; pride
and arrogance and the evil way and the perverse mouth I hate.
Hos 9:15 All their wickedness is in Gilgal, for there I
hated them. Because of the evil of their deeds I will drive them
from My house; I will love them no more. All their princes are
rebellious.
Mal 1:3 But Esau I have hated, and laid waste his mountains
and his heritage for the jackals of the wilderness.
Rom 9:13 As it is written, "Jacob I have loved, but
Esau I have hated."
Heb 1:9 You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness;
therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of gladness
more than Your companions.
Ezk 18:32 (NIV) For I take no pleasure in the death of
anyone, declares the Sovereign LORD. Repent and live.
God repays man for his evil. We reap what we sow.
1Sam 2:30 (NIV) Therefore the LORD, the God of Israel,
declares: "I promised that your house and your father's house
would minister before me forever." But now the LORD declares:
"Far be it from me! Those who honour me I will honour, but
those who despise Me will be disdained."
Job understood that the penalty for iniquity is automatic:
2Sam 22:26-7 With the merciful You will show Yourself merciful;
with a blameless man You will show Yourself blameless. 27 With
the pure You will show Yourself pure; and with the devious You
will show Yourself shrewd....
Job 4:8 Even as I have seen, those who plow iniquity and
sow trouble reap the same.
So God's enemies are those whom He has rejected.
1Sam 15:26 But Samuel said to Saul, "I will not return
with you, for you have rejected the word of the LORD, and the
LORD has rejected you from being king over Israel."
Sometimes, as the prophet Jeremiah experienced, it is even pointless
to pray for the enemies of God for God, in His omniscience, has
already condemned them for their impenitent hearts:
1Sam 16:1 Now the LORD said to Samuel, "How long will
you mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning
over Israel?"
1Thess 4:8 Therefore he who rejects this [teaching on
Christian chastity] does not reject man, but God, who has
also given us His Holy Spirit.
Heb 12:17 For you know that afterward, when he [Esau] wanted
to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found
no place for repentance, though he sought it diligently with tears.
Jer 7:16,19 "Therefore do not pray for this people,
nor lift up a cry or prayer for them, nor make intercession to
Me; for I will not hear you.
God's wrath is therefore the display of His just vengeance upon
His enemies:
19 Do they provoke Me to anger?" says the LORD. "Do
they not provoke themselves, to the shame of their own faces?"
Jer 11:14 So do not pray for this people, or lift up a
cry or prayer for them; for I will not hear them in the time that
they cry out to Me because of their trouble.
Jer 14:11 Then the LORD said to me, "Do not pray for
this people, for their good. 12 When they fast, I will not hear
their cry; and when they offer burnt offering and grain offering,
I will not accept them. But I will consume them by the sword,
by the famine, and by the pestilence."
Nah 1:2 God is jealous, and the LORD avenges; the LORD
avenges and is furious. The LORD will take vengeance on His adversaries,
and He reserves wrath for His enemies.
The apostle Paul clearly understood the role of God's vengeance
in establishing justice for His saints:
2Thess 1:4-9 so that we ourselves boast of you among the
churches of God for your patience and faith in all your persecutions
and tribulations that you endure, 5 which is manifest evidence
of the righteous judgment of God, that you may be counted worthy
of the kingdom of God, for which you also suffer; 6 since it
is a righteous thing with God to repay with tribulation those
who trouble you, 7 and to give you who are troubled rest with
us when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with His mighty
angels, 8 in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who
do not know God, and on those who do not obey the gospel of our
Lord Jesus Christ. 9 These shall be punished with everlasting
destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of
His power.
Let us now notice the role of mercy in the justice of God.
The apostle Paul tells us that all mercy originates from God the
Father:
2Cor 1:3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus
Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort,
God is a God of mercy, but not at the expense of justice
nor without restitution for evil:
Eph 2:4 But God, who is rich in mercy, because of
His great love with which He loved us....
Ex 34:6-7 And the LORD passed before him and proclaimed,
"The LORD, the LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering,
and abounding in goodness and truth, 7 keeping mercy for thousands,
forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, by no means clearing
the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the
children and the children's children [for sin reaps often unforeseen
and immeasurable consequences in those affected by it] to
the third and the fourth generation."
God's mercy is not unconditional. Through His foreknowledge,
He knows when mercy is to be extended.
Rom 9:15 For He says to Moses, "I will have mercy
on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever
I will have compassion."
Those who are to receive His mercy are the "vessels"
of His mercy:
18 Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills
He hardens.
Rom 9:23 and that He might make known the riches of His
glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had prepared beforehand
for glory.
The Bible gives us examples where God withheld His mercy:
Isa 22:14 Then it was revealed in my hearing by the LORD
of hosts, "Surely for this iniquity there will be no atonement
for you, even to your death," says the Lord GOD of hosts.
Indeed, the righteous prayers of God's persecuted saints have
at times included the appeal to God to withhold His mercy:
Isa 27:11 When its boughs are withered, they will be broken
off; the women come and set them on fire. For it is a people of
no understanding; therefore He who made them will not have
mercy on them, and He who formed them will show them no favor.
Jer 13:14 "And I will dash them [the inhabitants of
Jerusalem] one against another, even the fathers and the sons
together," says the LORD. "I will not pity nor spare
nor have mercy, but will destroy them."
Hos 1:6 And she conceived again and bore a daughter. Then
God said to him: "Call her name Lo-Ruhamah, for I will
no longer have mercy on the house of Israel, But I will utterly
take them away."
Neh 4:5 Do not cover their iniquity, and do not let
their sin be blotted out from before You; for they have provoked
You to anger before the builders.
How do we reconcile this with notions we may have inherited that
the Christian must always show mercy, no matter what the
situation?
Ps 109:14 Let the iniquity of his fathers be remembered
before the LORD, and let not the sin of his mother be blotted
out.
The Scriptures amply testify to the fact that divine mercy and
forgiveness are contingent upon repentance:
Ps 51:1-4 Have mercy upon me, O God, according to Your
lovingkindness; according to the multitude of Your tender mercies,
blot out my transgressions. 2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity,
and cleanse me from my sin. 3 For I acknowledge my transgressions,
and my sin is always before me. 4 Against You, You only, have
I sinned, and done this evil in Your sight; that You may be found
just when You speak, and blameless when You judge.
Repentance sought and granted means a return to the keeping of
the law of God:
Prov 28:13 He who covers his sins will not prosper, but
whoever confesses and forsakes them will have mercy.
Isa 55:7 Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous
man his thoughts; let him return to the LORD, and He will have
mercy on him; and to our God, for He will abundantly pardon.
Ps 119:77 Let Your tender mercies come to me, that I may
live; for Your law is my delight.
When God does extend mercy it is as though there was never any
offence committed:
Zech 10:6 I will strengthen the house of Judah, and I will
save the house of Joseph. I will bring them back, because I have
mercy on them. They shall be as though I had not cast them aside;
for I am the LORD their God, and I will hear them.
Yet, as we have seen, sometimes God's anger cannot, because of
human rebellion, be allayed until He has exacted vengeance upon
evildoers, either directly or through His servants:
Isa 5:25 Therefore the anger of the LORD is aroused against
His people; He has stretched out His hand against them and stricken
them, and the hills trembled. Their carcasses were as refuse in
the midst of the streets. For all this His anger is not turned
away, but His hand is stretched out still.
And in cases like these, there is no place for His mercy:
Isa 10:25 For yet a very little while and the indignation
will cease, as will My anger in their destruction.
Isa 63:3 I have trodden the winepress alone, and from the
peoples no one was with Me. For I have trodden them in My anger,
and trampled them in My fury; their blood is sprinkled upon My
garments, and I have stained all My robes.
Ezk 5:13 Thus shall My anger be spent, and I will
cause My fury to rest upon them, and I will be avenged;
and they shall know that I, the LORD, have spoken it in My zeal,
when I have spent My fury upon them.
Ezk 25:14 "I will lay My vengeance on Edom by the
hand of My people Israel, that they may do in Edom according to
My anger and according to My fury; and they shall know My vengeance,"
says the Lord GOD.
Isa 9:17 Therefore the LORD will have no joy in their young
men, nor have mercy on their fatherless and widows; for everyone
is a hypocrite and an evildoer, and every mouth speaks folly.
For all this His anger is not turned away, but His hand
is stretched out still.
Similarly, there is no place for mercy today for one who has totally
rejected God:
Lam 2:21 Young and old lie on the ground in the streets;
My virgins and my young men have fallen by the sword; You have
slain them in the day of Your anger, You have slaughtered and
not pitied (i.e., the suffering is so severe people would view
it all as if God were merciless).
Heb 10:28-31 Anyone who has rejected Moses' law dies without
mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 29 Of how
much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought
worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the
blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing,
and insulted the Spirit of grace? 30 For we know Him who said,
"Vengeance is Mine, I will repay," says the Lord. And
again, "The LORD will judge His people." 31 It is a
fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
There is no place for mercy in such instances, not because God
would refuse to grant it, but because He, by His foreknowledge,
knows that some will not seek repentance and end their rebellion
against Him:
Jer 23:20 The anger of the LORD will not turn back until
He has executed and performed the [foreknown] thoughts
of His heart. In the latter days you will understand it perfectly.
After judgement, correction and repentance, God's anger is turned
away and mercy is extended:
Isa 12:1 And in that day you will say: "O LORD, I
will praise You; though You were angry with me, Your anger is
turned away, and You comfort me."
Let us now consider how Christians are to deal with evil after
the example of their perfect Father.
Jer 3:12 "Go and proclaim these words toward the north,
and say: "Return, backsliding Israel," says the LORD;
"I will not cause My anger to fall on you. For I am merciful,"
says the LORD; "I will not remain angry forever."
OUR NEIGHBOUR AND OUR ENEMY
Christians are instructed to love their neighbour as themselves.
This is the fulfillment of the law:
Deut 10:19 Therefore love the stranger, for you were strangers
in the land of Egypt.
That the people of God, in struggling to do what is godly, have
always had to contend with human adversaries-neighbours who become
their enemies-is also axiomatic:
Mk 12:33 And to love Him with all the heart, with all
the understanding, with all the soul, and with all the strength,
and to love one's neighbour as oneself, is more than all the whole
burnt offerings and sacrifices.
Rom 13:9-10 For the commandments, "You shall not commit
adultery," "You shall not murder," "You shall
not steal," "You shall not bear false witness,"
"You shall not covet," and if there is any other commandment,
are all summed up in this saying, namely, "You shall love
your neighbour as yourself. 10 Love does no harm to a neighbour;
therefore love is the fulfillment of the law."
Gal 5:14 For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even
in this: "You shall love your neighbour as yourself."
Jas 2:8 If you really fulfill the royal law according to
the Scripture, "You shall love your neighbour as yourself,"
you do well.
Ps 38:20 Those also who render evil for good, they are
my adversaries, because I follow what is good.
God's view is that a follower of His must love good and abhor
evil (Prov 8:13; Ps 97:10; 119:104,128,163; Amos 5:15). A Christian
may have personal enemies who are not necessarily enemies of God,
as we saw earlier. The Scriptures are clear as to how we ought
to treat such people:
Mt 5:43-4 You have heard that it was said (on the basis
of tradition and not Scripture), "You shall love your neighbour
and hate your enemy." 44 But I say to you, love your enemies,
bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and
pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you.
By so doing, we will be imitators of our heavenly Father:
Lk 6:35 Love your enemies, do good, and lend, hoping for
nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will
be sons of the Most High. For He is kind to the unthankful and
evil.
Mt 5:45 that you may be sons of your Father in heaven;
for He makes His sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends
rain on the just and on the unjust.
It is obvious that the category of enemies to which Christ is
referring includes those outside of the faith. Most often these
enemies "know not (the full consequences of) what they do."
Christ set the example:
Lk 23:34 Then Jesus said, "Father, forgive them,
for they do not know what they do."
In this way, we return evil with good and our enemies may one
day no longer be opposed to us:
Prov 16:7 When a man's ways please the LORD, He makes even
his enemies to be at peace with him.
It is when we suffer for our faith, and not simply because
we have enemies, that we bring glory to God:
Rom 12:20 Therefore "If your enemy is hungry, feed
him; if he is thirsty, give him a drink; for in so doing you will
heap coals of fire on his head." 21 Do not be overcome by
evil, but overcome evil with good.
1Pet 4:12-16 Beloved, do not think it strange concerning
the fiery trial which is to try you, as though some strange thing
happened to you; 13 but rejoice to the extent that you partake
of Christ's sufferings, that when His glory is revealed, you may
also be glad with exceeding joy. 14 If you are reproached for
the name of Christ, blessed are you, for the Spirit of glory and
of God rests upon you. On their part He is blasphemed, but on
your part He is glorified. 15 But let none of you suffer as a
murderer, a thief, an evildoer, or as a busybody in other people's
matters. 16 Yet if anyone suffers as a Christian,let
him not be ashamed, but let him glorify God in this matter.
Sometimes, our personal enemies may have no valid reason to hate
us. Their hatred-deceitful and disguised (in contrast to the pure,
visible hatred of God)-is because of our service to God. This
was the experience of King David:
Ps 35:7 For without cause they have hidden their net for
me in a pit, which they have dug without cause for my life.
And of the prophets:
Ps 38:19 But my enemies are vigorous, and they are strong;
and those who hate me wrongfully [Heb: deceitfully]
have multiplied.
Ps 69:4 Those who hate me without a cause are more
than the hairs of my head; they are mighty who would destroy me,
being my enemies wrongfully [Heb: deceitfully] ;
though I have stolen nothing, I still must restore it.
Jer 15:15 O LORD, You know; remember me and visit me, and
take vengeance for me on my persecutors. In Your enduring patience,
do not take me away. Know that for Your sake I have suffered
rebuke.
And certainly of Jesus Christ:
Lam 3:52 My enemies without cause hunted me down like a
bird.
Jn 15:25 But this happened that the word might be fulfilled
which is written in their law, "They hated Me without a cause."
By opposing us because we serve God, our enemies may also make
themselves the enemies of God.
1Ki 3:11 Then God said to him: "Because you have asked
this thing, and have not asked long life for yourself, nor have
asked riches for yourself, nor have asked the life of your enemies,
but have asked for yourself understanding to discern justice..."
For just recompense for evil committed is the promise of the
Scriptures, and is part of the perfect justice of God:
Ps 112:8 His heart is established; He [the righteous
man] will not be afraid, until he sees his desire upon his
enemies.
David appealed to God for deliverance from his enemies:
Ps 25:19 Consider my enemies, for they are many; and they
hate me with cruel hatred.
And quite vehemently:
Ps 35:19 Let them not rejoice over me who are wrongfully
my enemies; nor let them wink with the eye who hate me without
a cause.
Ps 35:8 Let destruction come upon him unexpectedly, and
let his net that he has hidden catch himself; into that very destruction
let him fall.
When deliverance came, he ascribed to God the victory:
Ps 71:13 Let them be confounded and consumed who are adversaries
of my life; let them be covered with reproach and dishonour who
seek my hurt.
Ps 3:7 Arise, O LORD; save me, O my God! For You have struck
all my enemies on the cheekbone; You have broken the teeth of
the ungodly.
Yet it is obvious that God allowed David to personally prevail
against his enemies:
Ps 18:37,40 I have pursued my enemies and overtaken them;
neither did I turn back again till they were destroyed.
He will use in a like manner use Israel [typifying His saints]
to exact vengeance upon Edom [symbolising the impenitent forces
of evil] for the evil committed against His people:
40 You
have also given me the necks of my enemies, so that I destroyed
those who hated me.
Ezk 25:12-14 Thus says the Lord GOD: Because of what Edom
did against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and has greatly
offended by avenging itself on them, 13 therefore thus says the
Lord GOD: 'I will also stretch out My hand against Edom, cut off
man and beast from it, and make it desolate from Teman; Dedan
shall fall by the sword. 14 I will lay My vengeance on Edom
by the hand of My people Israel, that they may do in Edom
according to My anger and according to My fury; and they shall
know My vengeance,' says the Lord GOD.
The account of the deliverance of the Jews in the Book of Esther
is symbolic of the deliverance of the saints of God from the
Devil and the forces of evil. The hand of God in using Queen Esther
to exact vengeance upon the enemies of the Jews who sought to
destroy them illustrates the fullness of God's just vengeance
upon His enemies and the enemies of His people:
Esth 9:12-17 And the king said to Queen Esther, "The
Jews have killed and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the
citadel, and the ten sons of Haman. What have they done in the
rest of the king's provinces? Now what is your petition? It shall
be granted to you. Or what is your further request? It shall be
done." 13 Then Esther said, "If it pleases the king,
let it be granted to the Jews who are in Shushan to do again tomorrow
according to today's decree, and let Haman's ten sons be hanged
on the gallows." 14 So the king commanded this to be done;
the decree was issued in Shushan, and they hanged Haman's ten
sons. 15 And the Jews who were in Shushan gathered together again
on the fourteenth day of the month of Adar and killed three hundred
men at Shushan; but they did not lay a hand on the plunder. 16
The remainder of the Jews in the king's provinces gathered together
and protected their lives, had rest from their enemies, and killed
seventy-five thousand of their enemies; but they did not lay
a hand on the plunder. 17 This was on the thirteenth day of the
month of Adar. And on the fourteenth day of the month they rested
and made it a day of feasting and gladness.
The great God is perfectly just. His justice should be the source
of all human justice and His divine judgements are acts of His
justice on behalf of His people:
Prov 29:26 Many seek the ruler's favor, but justice for
man comes from the LORD.
So God promises to fight for his people, to deliver them from
their enemies:
Deut 20:4 for the LORD your God is He who goes with you,
to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.
It is the desire of God's people to be vindicated from evil. This
is the natural longing for justice, for retribution for evil committed,
for restitution for wrongs done-for vengeance-that is inherent
in the law of God but so lacking in the laws and moral codes of
men.
Deut 30:7 Also the LORD your God will put all these curses
on your enemies and on those who hate you, who persecuted you.
It is to God that His people therefore look for help-and, if necessary,
for vengeance-when their enemies overwhelm them. God's intervention
in cases like these is no less an act of His mercy:
Ps 54:5,7 He will repay my enemies for their evil. Cut
them off in Your truth.
And again, we see examples where God acted through human instruments
to exact vengeance for evil deeds:
7 For He has delivered me out of all
trouble; and my eye has seen its desire upon my enemies.
Ps 92:11 My eye also has seen my desire on my enemies;
my ears hear my desire on the wicked who rise up against me.
Ps 118:7 The LORD is for me among those who help me; therefore
I shall see my desire on those who hate me.
Ps 119:84-6 How many are the days of Your servant? When
will You execute judgment on those who persecute me? 85 The proud
have dug pits for me, which is not according to Your law. 86 All
Your commandments are faithful; they persecute me wrongfully;
help me!
Ps 143:12 In Your mercy cut off my enemies, and
destroy all those who afflict my soul; for I am Your servant.
Ps 18:40 You have also given me the necks of my enemies,
so that I destroyed those who hated me [because God delivered
them into his hand].
This was the case when the prophet Jeremiah appealed to God for
vengeance against the people of his own town, who were plotting
to take his life:
Jer 11:20 But, O LORD of hosts, You who judge righteously,
testing the mind and the heart, let me see Your vengeance on them,
for to You I have revealed my cause.
And God responded swiftly with the promise of divine retribution:
21 Therefore thus says the LORD concerning the men of Anathoth
who seek your life, saying, "Do not prophesy in the Name
of the LORD, lest you die by our hand"; 22 therefore thus
says the LORD of hosts: "Behold, I will punish them. The
young men shall die by the sword, their sons and their daughters
shall die by famine; 23 and there shall be no remnant of them,
for I will bring catastrophe on the men of Anathoth, even the
year of their punishment."
Scripture attests to the fact that those who hate God are also
the enemies of His people:
Ex 23:22 But if you indeed obey His voice and do all that
I speak, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary
to your adversaries.
In Psalm 55 we find the example of how one who was not an enemy
of King David (He says that he could have tolerated even that),
but a brother, had, in raising his hand against David, also raised
his hand against God, and had thus become His enemy. David calls
upon God to avenge him for this betrayal.
2Chr 19:2 Jehu the son of Hanani the seer went out to
meet him, and said to King Jehoshaphat, "Should you help
the wicked and love those who hate the LORD? Therefore the wrath
of the LORD is upon you."
Ps 129:5 Let all those who hate Zion [the Church, the
people of God] be put to shame and turned back.
Ps 139:21 Do I not hate them, O LORD, who hate You? And
do I not loathe those who rise up against You? 22 I hate them
[who hate God] with perfect [godly, as opposed to carnal
human] hatred; I count them my enemies.
Ps 55:12-15 For it is not an enemy who reproaches me; then
I could bear it. Nor is it one who hates me who has exalted himself
against me; then I could hide from him. 13 But it was you, a man
my equal, my companion and my acquaintance. 14 We took sweet
counsel together, and walked to the house of God in the throng.
15 Let death seize them; let them go down alive into hell, for
wickedness is in their dwellings and among them.
The time is coming when God will avenge His people and will deliver
their enemies over to them. The two witnesses are given direct
power from God to destroy their enemies, who are also God's enemies:
Rev 11:5 And if anyone wants to harm them, fire proceeds
from their mouth and devours their enemies. And if anyone wants
to harm them, he must be killed in this manner.
RETRIBUTION AND VENGEANCE
David provides us with a striking example of how exacting vengeance
humanly can be disastrous. When he and his men were shamefully
treated by Nabal after they had protected his shepherds and flocks,
David's immediate response was to personally exact revenge:
1Sam 25:22 May God do so, and more also, to the enemies
of David, if I leave one male of all who belong to him by morning
light.
Only the intervention of Abigail prevented disaster, as David
later acknowledged:
1Sam 25:26,31 Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD lives
and as your soul lives, since the LORD has held you back from
coming to bloodshed and from avenging yourself with your own hand,
now then, let your enemies and those who seek harm for my lord
be as Nabal.
Note that, by taking the matter into his own hands and exacting
vengeance for the evil manner in Nabal had treated them, David
would have shed blood "without cause". There is a time,
then, when blood is shed with cause!
31 that this will be no grief to you, nor offense
of heart to my lord, either that you have shed blood without cause,
or that my lord has avenged himself.
Lev 24:19-20 If a man causes disfigurement of his neighbour,
as he has done, so shall it be done to him; 20 fracture for fracture,
eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he has caused disfigurement of
a man, so shall it be done to him.
The purpose of this lex talionis (law of retribution) was
to prevent the exaction of more than the equivalent of
the damage originally inflicted. The penalty was to fit the crime,
not exceed it. The commentaries tell us that instances of the
implementation of this law, requiring an actual eye or tooth in
payment, are hard to find in the Old Testament. It represented
a statement of principle for judges to apply in determining
reparations. Victims must be justly compensated irrespective of
one's wealth or status in society (Lev 19:15,18; 24:22).
Deut 13:6-11 If your brother, the son of your mother, your
son or your daughter, the wife of your bosom, or your friend who
is as your own soul, secretly entices you, saying, "Let us
go and serve other gods," which you have not known, neither
you nor your fathers, 7 of the gods of the people which are all
around you, near to you or far off from you, from one end of the
earth to the other end of the earth, 8 you shall not consent
to him or listen to him, nor shall your eye pity him, nor shall
you spare him or conceal him; 9 but you [personally, collectively]
shall surely kill him; your hand shall be first against
him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the
people. 10 And you shall stone him with stones until he dies,
because he sought to entice you away from the LORD your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage.
11 So all Israel shall hear and fear, and not again do such wickedness
as this among you.
Sometimes these could be personally administered, as punishment
meted out for flagrant violation of the law of God:
Prov 6:32-5 Whoever commits adultery with a woman lacks
understanding; he who does so destroys his own soul. 33 Wounds
and dishonour he will get, and his reproach will not be wiped
away. 34 For jealousy is a husband's fury; therefore he will
not spare in the day of vengeance. 35 He will accept no recompense,
nor will he be appeased though you give many gifts.
The 'Avenger of Blood'
Acts 7:24-5 And seeing one of them suffer wrong, he [Moses]
defended and avenged him who was oppressed, and struck down the
Egyptian. 25 For he supposed that his brethren would have understood
that God would deliver them by his hand, but they did not understand.
In ancient Israel, a relative was, within strict limits, personally
entitled to take revenge on behalf of the family for the killing
of a family member:
Num 35:16-21 But if he strikes him with an iron implement
[a potentially lethal weapon], so that he dies, he is a
murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 17 And if
he strikes him with a stone in the hand, by which one could die,
and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be
put to death. 18 Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon,
by which one could die [a potentially lethal weapon] ,
and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be
put to death. 19 The avenger of blood himself shall put the murderer
to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. 20 If
he pushes him out of hatred or, while lying in wait, hurls something
at him so that he dies, 21 or in enmity he strikes him with his
hand so that he dies, the one who struck him shall surely be put
to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall put the
murderer to death when he meets him.
Six "cities of refuge" were established to provide sanctuary
from the traditional blood vengeance for manslayers whose guilt
of intentional murder had not yet been determined. Vengeance could
be exercised only before the killer reached a "city of refuge"
or after the court either at the victim's hometown or at the murder
site judged the case:
Num 35:12 They shall be cities of refuge for you from the
avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before
the congregation in judgment.
A killer who was judged to have committed the crime without hatred
or intentional planning was sent to a "city of refuge"
until the death of the high priest:
Num 35:9-12,24-5 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
10 "Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: 'When
you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 then you shall
appoint cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer
who kills any person accidentally may flee there. 12 They shall
be cities of refuge for you from the avenger, that the manslayer
may not die until he stands before the congregation in judgment.
The avenger could not touch the killer in the city of refuge,
but if the killer left the city of refuge for any reason, the
avenger could reap vengeance even against the unintentional killer.
Unintentional killing was still a sin which incurred a penalty.
The law of the avenger thus prevented the shedding of innocent
blood while also purging the guilt of murdering the innocent:
24 then the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and
the avenger of blood according to these judgments. 25 So the congregation
shall deliver the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood,
and the congregation shall return him to the city of refuge where
he had fled, and he shall remain there until the death of the
high priest who was anointed with the holy oil.'"
Deut 19:4-6 And this is the case of the manslayer who flees
there, that he may live: whoever kills his neighbour unintentionally,
not having hated him in time past; 5 as when a man goes to the
woods with his neighbour to cut timber, and his hand swings a
stroke with the ax to cut down the tree, and the head slips from
the handle and strikes his neighbour so that he dies; he shall
flee to one of these cities and live; 6 lest the avenger of blood,
while his anger is hot, pursue the manslayer and overtake him,
because the way is long, and kill him, though he was not deserving
of death, since he had not hated the victim in time past.
Num 35:26-8 But if the manslayer at any time goes outside
the limits of the city of refuge where he fled, 27 and the avenger
of blood finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge, and
the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty
of blood, 28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge
until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the
high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession.
However, even a "city of refuge" afforded the willful
murderer no protection from the avenger of blood:
Deut 19:11-13 But if anyone hates his neighbour, lies in
wait for him, rises against him and strikes him mortally, so that
he dies, and he flees to one of these cities, 12 then the elders
of his city shall send and bring him from there, and deliver him
over to the hand of the avenger of blood, that he may die. 13
Your eye shall not pity him, but you shall put away the guilt
of innocent blood from Israel, that it may go well with you.
Please see the paper, The Avenger of Blood, for further
discussion on this topic.
Unrestrained human anger is condemned in the Bible:
Gen 49:7 Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce; and their
wrath, for it is cruel! I will divide them in Jacob and scatter
them in Israel.
Human wrath is always suspect, being all too often accompanied
by the evil fruits of the flesh:
Ps 37:8 Cease from anger, and forsake wrath; do not fret;
it only causes harm.
It is for this reason that human wrath needs to be carefully controlled,
as it provides an opportunity for the Devil to lead astray in
the spirit of murder:
Col 3:8 (NRSV) But now you must get rid of all such things-anger,
wrath, malice, slander, and abusive language from your mouth.
Prov 16:32 He who is slow to anger is better than the mighty,
and he who rules his spirit than he who takes a city.
Instead, we are advised to relinquish some of our wrath to
God before we become vindictive:
Eccl 7:9 Do not hasten in your spirit to be angry, for
anger rests in the bosom of fools.
Eph 4:26-7 Be angry, and do not sin: do not let the sun
go down on your wrath 27 nor give place to the devil.
Prov 19:11 The discretion of a man makes him slow to anger,
and his glory is to overlook a transgression.
This is in line with the mind of God, who also at times defers
His anger:
Isa 48:9 For My Name's sake I will defer My anger, and
for My praise I will restrain it from you, so that I do not cut
you off.
The NIV renders this verse as:
Rom 12:19 Beloved, do not avenge yourselves, but rather
give place to wrath; for it is written, "Vengeance is Mine,
I will repay," says the Lord.
Rom 12:19 Do not take revenge, my friends, but leave room
for God's wrath [i.e. manage your anger so that the unlawful
desire for personal retribution is not a factor], for it is
written: "It is mine to avenge; I will repay," says
the Lord.
This is one reason for the prohibition against taking personal
revenge. Christ equated deep-seated anger directed at a brother
without cause with a spirit of murder:
Mt 5:21-2 "You have heard that it was said to those
of old, 'You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be in
danger of the judgment.' 22 But I say to you that whoever is
angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the
judgment. And whoever says to his brother, 'Raca!' shall be in
danger of the council. But whoever says, 'You fool!' shall be
in danger of hell fire."
In this context it is interesting to note how David left it to
his son Solomon to avenge himself upon his army commander, Joab,
for the evil that had been personally done to him. While this
may have been a case of David being powerless to apply the law
and punish Joab in the first place, perhaps he also had difficulty
separating a personal desire for vengeance and justice:
1Kgs 2:5-6 Moreover you know also what Joab the son of
Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two commanders of the
armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner and Amasa the son of
Jether, whom he killed. And he shed the blood of war in peacetime,
and put the blood of war on his belt that was around his waist,
and on his sandals that were on his feet. 6 Therefore do according
to your wisdom, and do not let his gray hair go down to the grave
in peace.
David understood that it is God who avenges:
2Sam 22:48-9 It is God who avenges me, and subdues the
peoples under me; 49 He delivers me from my enemies. You also
lift me up above those who rise against me; You have delivered
me from the violent man.
Vengeance Belongs to God
We are instructed not to exact personal vengeance:
Lev 19:17-18 You shall not hate your brother in your heart.
You shall surely rebuke your neighbour, and not bear sin because
of him. 18 You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against
the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbour
as yourself: I am the LORD.
The human desire for vengeance for personal wrongs done
all too often includes the emotional hatred that is characterised
by vindictiveness, above and beyond the desire for retribution
and revenge in the pursuit of justice. This is why God tells
us that vengeance can ultimately only be administered equitably
with His involvement:
Deut 32:35 Vengeance is Mine, and recompense; their foot
shall slip in due time; for the day of their calamity is at hand,
and the things to come hasten upon them.
This vengeance is part of the justice of God. We see this illustrated
in Christ's parable of the unjust judge:
Ps 94:1 O LORD God, to whom vengeance belongs; O God, to
whom vengeance belongs, shine forth!
Lk 18:1-8 Then He spoke a parable to them, that men always
ought to pray and not lose heart, 2 saying: "There was in
a certain city a judge who did not fear God nor regard man. 3
Now there was a widow in that city; and she came to him, saying,
'Get justice for me from my adversary.' 4 And he would not for
a while; but afterward he said within himself, 'Though I do not
fear God nor regard man, 5 yet because this widow troubles me
I will avenge her, lest by her continual coming she weary me.'"
6 Then the Lord said, "Hear what the unjust judge said. 7
And shall God not avenge His own elect who cry out day
and night to Him, though He bears long with them? 8 I tell you
that He will avenge them speedily."
It is also an act of deliverance, not a matter of obtaining
personal retribution unlawfully:
Ps 58:10-11 The righteous shall rejoice when he sees the
vengeance; he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked,
11 so that men will say, "Surely there is a reward for the
righteous; surely He is God who judges in the earth."
As we have already noted, it is a righteous thing to wait
for the vengeance of God-as opposed to unlawful personal retribution-upon
those who persecute His people, for His vengeance is an act of
His deliverance and justice:
Ps 59:1-10 Deliver me from my enemies, O my God; defend
me from those who rise up against me. 2 Deliver me from the workers
of iniquity, and save me from bloodthirsty men. 3 For look, they
lie in wait for my life; the mighty gather against me, not
for my transgression nor for my sin [they have no reason
to be my enemies], O LORD. 4 They run and prepare themselves
through no fault of mine. Awake to help me, and behold! 5 You
therefore, O LORD God of hosts, the God of Israel, awake to punish
all the nations; do not be merciful to any wicked transgressors.
Selah. 6 At evening they return, they growl like a dog, and go
all around the city. 7 Indeed, they belch with their mouth; swords
are in their lips; for they say, "Who hears?" 8 But
You, O LORD, shall laugh at them; You shall have all the nations
in derision. 9 I will wait for You, O You his Strength;
for God is my defense; 10 my God of mercy shall come to meet me;
God shall let me see my desire on my enemies.
Ps 79:10 Why should the nations say, "Where is their
God?" Let there be known among the nations in our sight the
avenging of the blood of Your servants which has been shed.
2Thess 1:6 It is a righteous thing with God to repay with
tribulation those who trouble you.
Indeed, the vengeance of God through Jesus Christ is described
also as the victory of God's redeemed saints:
Rev 6:10-11 And they cried with a loud voice, saying, "How
long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood
on those who dwell on the earth?" 11 Then a white robe was
given to each of them; and it was said to them that they should
rest a little while longer, until both the number of their fellow
servants and their brethren, who would be killed as they were,
was completed.
Lk 21:22 For these are the days of vengeance, that all
things which are written may be fulfilled.
DEALING WITH EVIL AND SIN IN THE CHURCH
Isa 63:4 For the day of vengeance is in My heart, and the
year of My redeemed has come.
Unfortunately, we too often are the victims of forms of worldly
Christianity that are far removed from the truth of the Scriptures
(Jas 4:4; 1Jn 2:15-7)). We consequently have inherited ideas and
concepts that we might think are based on the Word of God, but
which are sometimes far from the Truth. One such instance is the
notion that we must always extend mercy and that the Scriptures
preclude retribution when evil is done to us (Ps 3:7; 6:8-10;
92:9,11).
Gal 5:22-3 The fruits of the Spirit are love, joy, peace,
longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness,
self-control. Against such there is no law.
... and forsake the fruits of the flesh, since these are not of
God's Spirit:
Gal 5:19-21 Now the works of the flesh are evident, which
are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, 20 idolatry,
sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath,
selfish ambitions, dissentions, heresies, 21 envy, murders, drunkenness,
revelries, and the like; of which I told you beforehand, just
as I also told you in time past, that those who practice such
things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
Does it not also logically follow that we should attempt to apply
all the godly emotions of our perfect heavenly Father? So are
we seeking, for instance, to express anger righteously
as God would have us express it?
We take it for granted that we ought to practice love as God does,
since He is love:
1Jn 4:8 He who does not love does not know God, for God
is love.
The Scriptures instruct us to love our Christian brothers and
sisters:
1Jn 2:9-11 He who says he is in the light, and hates his
brother, is in darkness until now. 10 He who loves his brother
abides in the light, and there is no cause for stumbling in him.
11 But he who hates his brother is in darkness and walks in darkness,
and does not know where he is going, because the darkness has
blinded his eyes.
As we have previously seen, to rebuke a brother or sister for
evil is an act of Christian love:
Lev 19:17 You shall not hate your brother in your heart.
You shall surely rebuke your neighbour, and not bear sin because
of him.
We hear of terms like God's unconditional love or of God's
love for all sinners.
Lk 17:3 Take heed to yourselves. If your brother sins against
you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him (see Gal 6:1;
Jas 5:19-20; 1Tim 5:20; Mt 18:15-17).
Christians are told to love one another as God has loved us.
We therefore need to have the Scriptures tell us exactly how
and when God loves us so we know how to exercise the same
godly love.
Jn 13:34 A new commandment I give to you, that you love
one another; as I have loved you, that you also love one another.
In this way we are following the perfect example of Jesus Christ:
2Jn 1 To the elect lady and her children, whom I love in
truth, and not only I, but also all those who have known
the truth.
3Jn 1 To the beloved Gaius, whom I love in truth.
1Jn 3:16 By this we know love, because He laid down His
life for us. And we also ought to lay down our lives for the brethren.
Rom 5:8 But God demonstrates His own love toward us, in
that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.
Eph 5:2 And walk in love, as Christ also has loved us and
given Himself for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a
sweet-smelling aroma.
The Exercise of Mercy
Tit 3:15 All who are with me greet you. Greet those who
love us in the faith. Grace be with you all.
Jn 15:10,13-14 If you keep My commandments, you will abide
in My love, just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide
in His love.
13 Greater love has no one than this, than to lay
down one's life for his friends. 14 You are My friends if you
do whatever I command you.
Deut 5:10 but showing mercy to thousands, to those who
love Me and keep My commandments.
Deut 7:9 Therefore know that the LORD your God, He is God,
the faithful God who keeps covenant and mercy for a thousand generations
with those who love Him and keep His commandments.
Neh 1:5 And I said: "I pray, LORD God of heaven, O
great and awesome God, You who keep Your covenant and mercy with
those who love You and observe Your commandments..."
Dan 9:4 And I prayed to the LORD my God, and made confession,
and said, "O Lord, great and awesome God, who keeps His covenant
and mercy with those who love Him, and with those who keep His
commandments..."
Hos 14:4 I will heal their backsliding, I will love them
freely, for My anger has turned away from him.
The children of God are to be merciful:
Mt 5:7 Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain
mercy.
However, as with love, we should likewise seek to express mercy
as God expresses it-in judgement!
Jas 2:13 For judgment is without mercy to the one who has
shown no mercy [in judgment]. Mercy triumphs over judgment.
Like God, we should delight in mercy:
Lk 6:36 Therefore be merciful, just as [in the
same way that] your Father also is merciful.
Mic 7:18 Who is a God like You, pardoning iniquity and
passing over the transgression of the remnant of His heritage?
He does not retain His anger forever, because He delights in mercy.
However, just as God does not always extend mercy, neither are
we beholden to do so when the extension of mercy is contrary to
the Word of God, as we shall see.
Rom 12:8 He who exhorts, in exhortation; he who gives,
with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy,
with cheerfulness.
How do we read the words of Jesus Christ in Mt 5:39?
Mt 5:39 But I tell you not to resist an evil person. But
whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also.
That Christ Himself resisted evil, and stood up for Himself in
the face of evil, is indisputable. In fact, He let it be known
that under normal circumstances the great evil about to be committed
with His arrest and crucifixion would be resisted by those who
followed Him:
Jn 18:36 Jesus answered, "My kingdom is not of this
world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would
fight, so that I should not be delivered to the Jews; but
now My kingdom is not from here."
His vehement denunciation of the evil and hypocrisy of the scribes
and Pharisees is our example to rebuke evil and evildoers:
Jn 18:22 And when He had said these things, one of the
officers who stood by struck Jesus with the palm of his hand,
saying, "Do You answer the high priest like that?" 23
Jesus answered him, "If I have spoken evil, bear witness
of the evil; but if well, why do you strike Me?"
Mt 23:14-16 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!
For you devour widows' houses, and for a pretense make long prayers.
Therefore you will receive greater condemnation. 15 Woe to you,
scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel land and sea
to win one proselyte, and when he is won, you make him twice as
much a son of hell as yourselves. 16 Woe to you, blind guides...
As part of the explanation for Christ words in v 39 of Matthew
5 we should perhaps consider v 41, which is in the same vein:
Mt 5:41 (NEB) If a man in authority [Gk. aggareuo]
makes you go one mile....
The Greek word used is the Persian, possibly Babylonian, loanword
for the age-old system of unpaid service that those in official
positions were entitled to demand. The demands made by such may
indeed have been evil, but who would be foolish enough to put
up resistance?
Jas 4:7 Therefore submit to God. Resist the devil
and he will flee from you.
Christ commends His Church for so doing:
Eph 5:11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works
of darkness, but rather expose them.
Rev 2:2 I know your works, your labour, your patience,
and that you cannot bear those who are evil. And you have
tested those who say they are apostles and are not, and have found
them liars [and consequently rejected them].
The Scriptures make it evident that God does not expect His people
to yield passively to those who hate and persecute them when they
are in a position to resist evil:
Isa 51:22-3 Thus says your Lord, the LORD and your God,
Who pleads the cause of His people: "See, I have taken out
of your hand the cup of trembling, the dregs of the cup of My
fury; you shall no longer drink it. 23 But I will put it into
the hand of those who afflict you, who have said to you [who
would have you believe you should just], "Lie down, that
we may walk over you." And you have laid your body like the
ground, and as the street, for those who walk over.
We are told that God hates those who practice evil:
Ps 5:5 The boastful shall not stand in Your sight; You
hate all workers of iniquity.
For the people of God there is also a time to hate:
Eccles 3:8 A time to love, and a time to hate; a time of
war, and a time of peace.
If we love God, we must hate evil:
Ps 97:10 You who love the LORD, hate evil! He preserves
the souls of His saints; He delivers them out of the hand of the
wicked.
Evildoers and their handiwork are also to be despised:
Ps 101:3 I will set nothing wicked before my eyes; I hate
the work of those who fall away; it shall not cling to me.
Ps 26:5 I have hated the assembly of evildoers, and will
not sit with the wicked.
Indeed, if we truly love God, we will abhor evil and so
learn to love what is good, as God does:
Ps 31:6 I have hated those who regard useless idols; but
I trust in the LORD.
Ps 119:113 I hate the double-minded, but I love Your Law.
Prov 8:13 The fear of the LORD is to hate evil; pride and
arrogance and the evil way and the perverse mouth I hate.
God's people must hate evil as God hates evil. Evil opposes
God. Evil incurs God's condemnation. To hate evil and its proponents
is not to do so with malice, but is in agreement with God's attitude
and opposition to evil:
Amos 5:15 Hate evil, love good; establish justice in the
gate. It may be that the LORD God of hosts will be gracious to
the remnant of Joseph.
Rom 12:9 Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil
[Are evil-doers evil?]. Cling to what is good.
Jn 3:19 And this is the condemnation, that the light has
come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light,
because their deeds were evil.
Although some of the Psalms may sound vindictive, they are an
expression of the psalmist's hatred for evil.
Ps 139:19-21 Oh, that You would slay the wicked, O God!
Depart from me, therefore, you bloodthirsty men. 20 For they speak
against You wickedly; Your enemies take Your name in vain. 21
Do I not hate them, O LORD, who hate You? And do I not
loathe those who rise up against You?
We must learn to hate sin and the enemies of God as He does, not
vindictively, but as a godly reaction against sin.
Prov 13:5 A righteous man hates lying, but a wicked
man is loathsome and comes to shame.
OLD TESTAMENT EXAMPLES
It is important that we realise that all sin under the sacrificial
system in ancient Israel was publicly dealt with, whether an individual
sinned against his neighbour or against God. The sin and the
guilt offerings, as with all offerings, were offered publicly,
either at the local sanctuary, the tabernacle or the temple. Sin
therefore could not be hidden. It was to be immediately and openly
dealt with. This is how God would have us deal with sin.
The sin offering was designed to deal with sin that was committed
unintentionally. The sacrifice varied according to who committed
the sin. The guilt offering, at times difficult to distinguish
from the sin offering, was also an offering for sin, although
it was concerned with restitution. For instance, someone who took
something illegally was expected to repay it in full plus twenty
percent of the value and then bring a ram for the guilt offering.
Let us notice the law of the sin offering:
Lev 4:1-2 Now the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 "Speak
to the children of Israel, saying: 'If a person sins unintentionally
against any of the commandments of the LORD in anything which
ought not to be done, and does any of them.'"
This applied to the priest:
3 "'if the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people,
then let him offer to the LORD for his sin which he has sinned
a young bull without blemish as a sin offering.'"
It applied to the leaders of the people:
Lev 4:22-3 When a ruler has sinned, and done something
unintentionally against any of the commandments of the LORD his
God in anything which should not be done, and is guilty, 23 or
if his sin which he has committed comes to his knowledge, he shall
bring as his offering a kid of the goats, a male without blemish.
And to each individual:
Lev 4:27-8 If anyone of the common people sins unintentionally
by doing something against any of the commandments of the LORD
in anything which ought not to be done, and is guilty, 28 or if
his sin which he has committed comes to his knowledge, then he
shall bring as his offering a kid of the goats, a female without
blemish, for his sin which he has committed.
It was the same with the entire congregation:
Lev 4:13-14 Now if the whole congregation of Israel sins
unintentionally, and the thing is hidden from the eyes of the
assembly, and they have done something against any of the commandments
of the LORD in anything which should not be done, and are guilty;
14 when the sin which they have committed becomes known, then
the assembly shall offer a young bull for the sin, and bring it
before the tabernacle of meeting.
There was also public confession of the sin:
Lev 5:5-6 And it shall be, when he is guilty in any of
these matters, that he shall confess that he has sinned in that
thing; 6 and he shall bring his trespass offering to the LORD
for his sin which he has committed.
We will see the parallels in the New Testament Church.
In the Old Testament, the law required trespass offerings to be
made for sins against a neighbour, such as theft, deception, dishonesty,
extortion, keeping lost property, or damaging property. Guilt
offerings were made to God and restitution made to the wronged
neighbour. Restitution was consistent with this concept of equity,
reflective of the perfect justice of God. Stolen property was
to be returned or full compensation was to be made. There was
provision for punitive damages, up to five times what had been
lost.
Lev 6:1-6 The LORD spoke to Moses, saying: 2 "If a
person sins and commits a trespass against the LORD by lying to
his neighbour about what was delivered to him for safekeeping,
or about a pledge, or about a robbery, or if he has extorted from
his neighbor, 3 or if he has found what was lost and lies concerning
it, and swears falsely; in any one of these things that a man
may do in which he sins: 4 then it shall be, because he has sinned
and is guilty, that he shall restore what he has stolen, or the
thing which he has extorted, or what was delivered to him for
safekeeping, or the lost thing which he found, 5 or all that about
which he has sworn falsely. He shall restore its full value, add
one-fifth more to it, and give it to whomever it belongs, on the
day of his trespass offering. 6 And he shall bring his trespass
offering to the LORD, a ram without blemish from the flock, with
your valuation, as a trespass offering, to the priest."
This principle of restitution is validated in the New Testament:
Lk 19:8 Then Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, "Look,
Lord, I give half of my goods to the poor; and if I have taken
anything from anyone by false accusation, I restore fourfold."
And is inherent in Christ's teaching about being reconciled to
a brother:
Mt 5:23-4 Therefore if you bring your gift to the altar,
and there remember that your brother has something against you,
24 leave your gift there before the altar, and go your way. First
be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.
The Scriptures tell us that wickedness must be accounted for.
This is part of the justice of God:
Nah 1:3 The LORD is slow to anger and great in power, and
will not at all acquit the wicked....
These concepts of reconciliation and restitution are a fundamental
part of the perfect justice of God's way and it is incumbent upon
the Church of God, the Israel of God, to deal with sin in like
manner, for God's people today are a royal priesthood who offer
up spiritual sacrifices:
1Pet 2:5 You also, as living stones, are being built up
a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices
acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.
Indeed, the ministry of the Church is one of reconciliation:
2Cor 5:18-20 Now all things are of God, who has reconciled
us to Himself through Jesus Christ, and has given us the ministry
of reconciliation, 19 that is, that God was in Christ reconciling
the world to Himself, not imputing their trespasses to them, and
has committed to us the word of reconciliation. 20 Now then, we
are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were pleading through
us: we implore you on Christ's behalf, be reconciled to God.
And the effects of reconciliation should be peace:
Col 3:15 Let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to which
also you were called in one body; and be thankful.
JUSTICE IN THE CHURCH
1Cor 7:15 But if the unbeliever departs, let him depart;
a brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases. But
God has called us to peace.
The law of God expressed in the sacrificial system of old has
not changed, only its application has. God has always demanded
of His people the exercise of godly justice in their dealings
with one another:
Amos 5:24 Let justice run down like water, and righteousness
like a mighty stream.
And the justice of God should always include a preparedness to
extend mercy:
Mic 6:8 He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what
does the LORD require of you but to do justly, to love mercy,
and to walk humbly with your God?
We, as fellow members of the body of Jesus Christ, are called
upon to dispense justice according to the law of God in the same
manner as the judges of ancient Israel were called upon to do:
2Chron 19:6 and [Jehoshaphat] said to the judges, "Take
heed to what you are doing, for you do not judge for man but for
the LORD, who is with you in the judgment."
It is imperative that a Christian brother or sister ensnared by
sin through weakness is to be dealt with gently, with forbearance,
and with mercy:
Lk 6:36 Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.
Yet there are times when more drastic measures are called for
to deal with sins and problems within the Church:
Rom 15:1 (NIV) We who are strong ought to bear with the
failings of the weak, and not to please ourselves.
Gal 6:1 Brethren, if a man is overtaken in any trespass,
you who are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness,
considering yourself lest you also be tempted.
Jude 23 snatch others from the fire and save them; to
others show mercy, mixed with fear-hating even the clothing stained
by corrupted flesh.
The importance of dispensing and of receiving correction has long
been understood:
Prov 15:10 Harsh discipline is for him who forsakes the
way, and he who hates correction will die.
Jesus Christ gave explicit instructions to His apostles in regard
to the manner in which sins between believers within His Church
were to be dealt with.
Mt 18:15-18 Moreover if your brother sins against you, go
and tell him his fault between you and him alone. If he hears
you, you have gained your brother. 16 But if he will not hear,
take with you one or two more, that by the mouth of two or three
witnesses every word may be established. 17 And if he refuses
to hear them, tell it to the church. But if he refuses even to
hear the church, let him be to you like a heathen and a tax collector.
18 Assuredly, I say to you, whatever you bind on earth will be
[Gk: "will have already been"] bound in heaven,
and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.
This principle is based on Lev 19:17:
Lev 19:17 You shall not hate your brother in your heart.
You shall surely rebuke your neighbour, and not bear sin because
of him.
In the Church, we all have the obligation to rebuke a fellow believer
where there is an obvious sin, not just for his sake but also
because by failing to address a matter where sin is involved we
too can "bear sin" [share in his guilt (NIV)]
by not bringing to light an obvious violation of the law of God.
This is also the intent of Paul's words in his advice to Timothy:
Prov 27:5 Open rebuke is better than love carefully concealed.
1Tim 5:22 Do not lay hands on anyone hastily, nor share
in other people's sins; keep yourself pure.
We all have the responsibility to expose sin:
Eph 5:11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works
of darkness, but rather expose them.
This holds true even where we have not personally been sinned
against (against you in Mt 18:15 is lacking in some early
Greek manuscripts). All sin damages, and a Christian cannot be
indifferent to it, especially amongst the body of believers. A
personal approach in the first instance should arouse a minimum
of ill-feeling and give least publicity to the sin.
Lk 17:3-4 Take heed to yourselves. If your brother sins
against you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him.
4 And if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times
in a day returns to you, saying, "I repent," you shall
forgive him.
In other words, we should always be willing to forgive upon repentance,
as God through Jesus Christ forgives us when we repent. Therefore,
we forgive one another as God forgives us:
Eph 4:32 Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving
one another, just as God in Christ forgave you.
And, as we have seen, God forgives upon repentance:
Col 3:13 Bear with one another, and forgive one another;
if anyone has a complaint against another; even as Christ forgave
you, so you also must do.
Acts 2:38 Then Peter said to them, "Repent, and let
every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the
remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy
Spirit."
So there is no such thing as unconditional forgiveness of sin.
Repentance and forgiveness go hand in hand:
Acts 3:19 Repent therefore and be converted, that your
sins may be blotted out, so that times of refreshing may come
from the presence of the Lord.
Lk 24:47 (NIV) Repentance and forgiveness of sins
will be preached in His Name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
In the event of this personal approach failing, the presence of
two or three witnesses (cf. Deut 19:15) was called for in the
second step of the attempt to resolve the problem. If he still refuses to hear after
step three has taken place-the dispute is placed before the Church
as a whole-he is clearly an evil influence and must be excluded.
What may have begun as a dispute between brethren involving a
sin has now required the severest of measures. Such a decision
made by the Church as a whole will have been based on the Word
of God, and therefore backed up by the High Court of heaven. That
such discipline is intended to involve the entire Church is supported
by the words of the apostle Paul when he was commenting on the
positive results of just such disciplinary action:
Acts 5:31 (NIV) God exalted Him to His own right hand
as Prince and Saviour that He might give repentance and forgiveness
of sins to Israel.
2Cor 2:6 This punishment which was inflicted by the
majority is sufficient for such a man.
Christ tells us that a brother who refuses to acknowledge his
sin and to seek forgiveness of those against whom he has sinned
is a serious matter indeed, serious enough for our Lord to liken
such a one who then had to be removed from the fellowship of His
body to a tax collector and a heathen [sinner]. Tax collectors
were held in the lowest esteem because of their excessive profits
and exploitation of their own people. Yet this choice of words
by Jesus also implies that it is to be hoped that the offender
will be won back:
Lk 5:30-2 And their scribes and the Pharisees complained
against His disciples, saying, "Why do You eat and drink
with tax collectors and sinners?" 31 Jesus answered and said
to them, "Those who are well have no need of a physician,
but those who are sick. 32 I have not come to call the righteous,
but sinners, to repentance."
It is indeed a serious matter for a Christian to refuse to forgive,
to refuse to be reconciled to a brother or sister:
Mt 6:15 But if you do not forgive men their trespasses,
neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.
God takes it personally when sins against one another are not
addressed and dealt with. It is He who will ultimately avenge
a wrong committed against a brother by one who refuses to repent
and seek reconciliation:
Mt 18:35 So My heavenly Father also will do to you if each
of you, from his heart, does not forgive his brother his trespasses.
IThess 4:6 No one should take advantage of and defraud
his brother in this matter, because the Lord is the avenger
of all such, as we also forewarned you and testified.
OUTSIDE THE CAMP
In the Old Testament, anything that was unclean was put outside
the camp. Sometimes there was a cleansing, at other times
destruction and death. During Israel's years in the wilderness,
sin offerings were burned outside the camp. This was a type of
one who has to be put outside the Church, the "camp"
of the saints.
Ex 29:14 The flesh of the bull, with its skin and its offal,
you shall burn with fire outside the camp. It is a sin offering.
The unrepentant will suffer the same fate as the sacrifices for
sin that were burned outside the camp:
Jn 15:6 If anyone does not abide in Me, he is cast out
as a branch and is withered; and they gather them and throw them
into the fire, and they are burned.
People were put outside the camp to prevent defilement
of the rest of the assembly of Israel:
Heb 10:26-31 For if we sin willfully after we have received
the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice
for sins, 27 but a certain fearful expectation of judgment, and
fiery indignation which will devour the adversaries. 28 Anyone
who has rejected Moses' law dies without mercy on the testimony
of two or three witnesses. 29 Of how much worse punishment, do
you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son
of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he
was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?
30 For we know Him who said, "Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,"
says the Lord. And again, "The LORD will judge His people."
31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living
God.
Num 5:3 You shall put out both male and female; you shall
put them outside the camp, that they may not defile their camps
in the midst of which I dwell.
To be outside the camp of Israel meant being alone, exiled,
isolated:
Lev 13:46 He [who has an infectious disease] shall
be unclean. All the days he has the sore he shall be unclean.
He is unclean, and he shall dwell alone; his dwelling shall be
outside the camp.
The entire community of Israel took part in this form of punishment:
Num 15:35 Then the LORD said to Moses, "The man must
surely be put to death; all the congregation shall stone him with
stones outside the camp."
Similarly, Christ shows us that the entire Church takes
part in the action of isolating a sinning individual from the
body. It is not the responsibility of the pastor alone!
Heb 13:11-13 For the bodies of those animals, whose blood
is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are
burned outside the camp. 12 Therefore Jesus also, that He might
sanctify the people with His own blood, suffered outside the gate.
13 Therefore let us go forth to Him, outside the camp, bearing
His reproach.
It is also important that we take into account the symbolism of
the ashes that were poured out outside the camp. Among
other things:
The symbolism here is that the rest of the camp is kept pure by
this act of removal of the offender. The action is also the means
of purifying the individual (reconciliation after repentance),
as there is also a clean place [a time and place for being
brought to repentance and cleansing] somewhere outside the camp:
Num 19:9 Then a man who is clean shall gather up the ashes
of the heifer, and store them outside the camp in a clean place;
and they shall be kept for the congregation of the children of
Israel for the water of purification; it is for purifying from
sin.
Lev 4:12 the whole bull he shall carry outside the camp
to a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn it
on wood with fire; where the ashes are poured out it shall be
burned.
As purification and a restoration to the camp of Israel was possible,
so it is hoped all who are isolated from the Body of the Church
will ultimately return to the fellowship once purified by the
forgiveness God offers:
Num 31:19 And as for you, remain outside the camp seven
days; whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any
slain, purify yourselves and your captives on the third day and
on the seventh day.
The Valley of Hinnom, just south of Jerusalem, which became the
place of child sacrifice to foreign gods, was also a type of this
area 'outside the camp' of Israel:
Jas 4:7-10 Therefore submit to God. Resist the devil and
he will flee from you. 8 Draw near to God and He will draw near
to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners; and purify your hearts,
you double-minded. 9 Lament and mourn and weep! Let your laughter
be turned to mourning and your joy to gloom. 10 Humble yourselves
in the sight of the Lord, and He will lift you up.
2Chron 33:6 Also he [Manasseh] caused his sons to pass
through the fire in the Valley of the Son of Hinnom; he practiced
soothsaying, used witchcraft and sorcery, and consulted mediums
and spiritists. He did much evil in the sight of the LORD, to
provoke Him to anger.
In the later history of ancient Israel, it became the place of
child sacrifice to foreign gods and became analogous to the place
of final judgment, a place of fire and condemnation for the unrepentant.
The reputation of the valley was understood by the writers of
the New Testament who transliterated the Hebrew word ge-hinnom
into Greek as gehenna, the word used by Jesus as one of the several
designations for hell:
Mt 5:22 But I say to you that whoever is angry with his
brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment. And
whoever says to his brother, 'Raca!' shall be in danger of the
council. But whoever says, 'You fool!' shall be in danger of hell
fire [gehenna].
THE IMPOSITION OF CHURCH DISCIPLINE
Let us notice the reasons the Scriptures lay out for the imposition
of Church discipline:
Paul was citing from several Old Testament Scriptures when he
gave the instruction to the Church to "put away from yourselves
the evil person." It is worth noting some of the Old Testament
references, some or all of which Paul may have had in mind, for
they indicate that the commands to ostracise an offender in the
New Testament Church are obviously to be taken very seriously:
1Tim 6:3 If anyone teaches otherwise and does not consent
to wholesome words, even the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and
to the doctrine which accords with godliness, 4 he is proud, knowing
nothing, but is obsessed with disputes and arguments over words,
from which come envy, strife, reviling, evil suspicions, 5 useless
wranglings of men of corrupt minds and destitute of the truth,
who suppose that godliness is a means of gain. From such withdraw
yourself.
2Jn 1:10-11 If anyone comes to you and does not bring this
doctrine, do not receive him into your house [and obviously
not into the Church] nor greet him; 11 for he who greets him
shares in his evil deeds.
1Cor 5:1-5 It is actually reported that there is sexual
immorality among you, and such sexual immorality as is not even
named among the Gentiles; that a man has his father's wife! 2
And you are puffed up, and have not rather mourned, that he who
has done this deed might be taken away from among you. 3 For I
indeed, as absent in body but present in spirit, have already
judged (as though I were present) him who has so done this deed.
4 In the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when you are gathered
together, along with my spirit, with the power of our Lord Jesus
Christ, 5 deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the
flesh, that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.
1Cor 5:11-13 But now I have written to you not to keep company
with anyone named a brother, who is sexually immoral, or covetous,
or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner;
not even to eat with such a person. 12 For what have I to do with
judging those also who are outside? Do you not judge those who
are inside? 13 But those who are outside God judges. Therefore
"put away from yourselves the evil person."
Deut 17:7 The hands of the witnesses shall be the first
against him to put him to death, and afterward the hands of all
the people. So you shall put away the evil from among you.
Deut 19:19 then you shall do to him as he thought to have
done to his brother; so you shall put away the evil from among
you.
Deut 21:21 Then all the men of his city shall stone him
to death with stones; so you shall put away the evil from among
you, and all Israel shall hear and fear.
Deut 22:21 then they shall bring out the young woman to
the door of her father's house, and the men of her city shall
stone her to death with stones, because she has done a disgraceful
thing in Israel, to play the harlot in her father's house. So
you shall put away the evil from among you.
Deut 24:7 If a man is found kidnapping any of his brethren
of the children of Israel, and mistreats him or sells him, then
that kidnapper shall die; and you shall put away the evil from
among you.
It is obvious that, depending upon the severity of the sin and
the response to correction, an individual could be regarded as
an enemy of the Church and/or of God, although this was not always
the case:
Rom 16:17 Now I urge you, brethren, note those who cause
divisions and offenses, contrary to the doctrine which you learned,
and avoid them.
2Thess 3:6 But we command you, brethren, in the name of
our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw from every brother who
walks disorderly and not according to the tradition which he received
from us.
Tit 3:10-11 Reject a divisive man after the first and second
admonition, 11 knowing that such a person is warped and sinning,
being self-condemned.
1Cor 5:11 But now I have written to you not to keep company
with anyone named a brother, who is sexually immoral, or covetous,
or an idolater, or a reviler, or a drunkard, or an extortioner;
not even to eat with such a person.
1Tim 1:20 of whom are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I delivered
to Satan that they may learn not to blaspheme.
2Tim 3:8-9 Now as Jannes and Jambres resisted Moses, so
do these also resist the truth: men of corrupt minds, disapproved
concerning the faith; 9 but they will progress no further, for
their folly will be manifest to all, as theirs also was.
2Thess 3:14-15 And if anyone does not obey our word [Paul's
instruction about appropriate Christian behaviour] in this
epistle, note that person and do not keep company with him, that
he may be ashamed. 15 Yet do not count him as an enemy, but admonish
him as a brother.
That some have, by not responding appropriately to Church discipline,
become the enemies of God is amply testified to by the Scriptures:
Phil 3:18 For many walk, of whom I have told you often,
and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the
cross of Christ:
This withdrawal of close fellowship from an offending Christian
was designed:
Despite the harsh measures taken, and the hurt that may result,
the fruits of true repentance are indeed sweet and edifying for
the entire Church:
1Cor 5:5 hand this man over to Satan, so that the sinful
nature may be destroyed and his spirit saved on the day of the
Lord.
2Thess 3:14 ...Do not associate with him, in order
that he may feel ashamed.
2Cor 7:8-13 For even if I made you sorry with my letter,
I do not regret it; though I did regret it. For I perceive that
the same epistle made you sorry, though only for a while. 9 Now
I rejoice, not that you were made sorry, but that your sorrow
led to repentance. For you were made sorry in a godly manner,
that you might suffer loss from us in nothing. 10 For godly sorrow
produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted;
but the sorrow of the world produces death. 11 For observe this
very thing, that you sorrowed in a godly manner: What diligence
it produced in you, what clearing of yourselves, what indignation,
what fear, what vehement desire, what zeal, what vindication!
In all things you proved yourselves to be clear in this matter.
12 Therefore, although I wrote to you, I did not do it for the
sake of him who had done the wrong, nor for the sake of him who
suffered wrong, but that our care for you in the sight of God
might appear to you. 13 Therefore we have been comforted in your
comfort.
It is imperative therefore that scriptural injunctions mandating
such ostracization ['do not associate with him'] be fully
implemented-it is a matter of salvation for the individual concerned!
Half-hearted actions where contact is maintained despite the commission
of sin and the lack of remorse provide little impetus for such
an individual to come to repentance and render us accountable
to God for our failure to apply the procedures He has set down
for His people. Yet how often in the Church today are such measures
carried out according to biblical definitions?
Although this instruction referred directly to the elders, Paul
practised this form of open rebuke in his letters to the churches:
Lk 17:1-2 Then He said to the disciples, "It is impossible
that no offenses should come, but woe to him through whom they
do come! 2 It would be better for him if a millstone were hung
around his neck, and he were thrown into the sea, than that he
should offend one of these little ones."
1Tim 1:19 having faith and a good conscience, which some
having rejected, concerning the faith have suffered shipwreck,
Tit 1:13 This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them
sharply, that they may be sound in the faith,
1Tim 5:20 Those who are sinning rebuke in the presence
of all, that the rest also may fear.
Phil 4:2 I implore Euodia and I implore Syntyche to be
of the same mind in the Lord.
The disagreement between Euodia and Syntyche is serious enough
to trouble the Church, and Paul mentions it in a letter that would
have been read publicly, with both women presumably present.
It is an example of godly correction, in a correct Christian
spirit, that is not to be balked at-unlike so much of the public
censure practised in the churches of God over the years, for which
many shepherds stand condemned!
1Cor 5:6-7 Your glorying is not good. Do you not know that
a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Therefore purge out
the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, since you truly are
unleavened.
How essential it is, then, that sin and evil in the Church of
God be dealt with promptly, thoroughly, and according to scriptural
injunctions and examples.
2Cor 13:2-3 I have told you before, and foretell as if
I were present the second time, and now being absent I write to
those who have sinned before, and to all the rest, that if I come
again I will not spare; 3 since you seek a proof of Christ speaking
in me, who is not weak toward you, but mighty in you.
The righteousness of God is diametrically opposed to evil and
to those who perpetrate it. He is able to deal with sin perfectly,
to exercise His anger without diminishing His mercy; to exact
vengeance without vindictiveness. He acts patiently but with perfect
justice in dealing with sin and exhorts us to do likewise. If
we are indeed followers of the Way, we will heed the admonitions
of Scripture to address evil and sin according to godly precepts,
not according to the ideas of men.