INTRODUCTION
However, do we concur with what was quoted above? Are the points
made valid? If they are not, or are only partly so, and our understanding
of the purpose of God in raising up ancient Israel has been distorted,
then obviously also will have been the true nature of the lessons
we are supposed to learn from their example. So I would like in
this message to attempt to begin to set the record straight, to
consider the purpose and the lesson of Israel as well as the vital
lessons we need to learn in our age from their wilderness experience.
ANCIENT ISRAEL AND THE ISRAEL OF GOD
LESSONS FROM ISRAEL
The Greek word translated "examples" can also mean "a
model for warning". The example and experience of Israel
during the Exodus is therefore a warning for the Church today,
as it was for the Corinthians then. Let us examine how.
Lacking in self-control, Israel fell into sin, of which Paul enumerates
four instances.
IDOLATRY
It seems probable that Aaron was a reluctant idolater, and sought
to contain the error by associating the golden calf with the worship
of the LORD. Under pressure, he compromised. How often have we
too seen this, and still do! However, God dismissed this attempt
by Aaron to syncretize paganism and the worship of the true God
as idolatry pure and simple (v8). If our image of God is distorted,
then our worship of Him is in vain-idolatrous! Recall the Feasts
of the Jews that God said He despised (Isa 1:14). What about our
Feasts?
When Christ informed Moses of what the people had done, He described
them as having "turned aside quickly out of the way which
I commanded them" (v8). Their story has an immediate New
Testament counterpart in the example of the Galatians (earlier
described as lapsing into bondage), whom Paul likewise rebuked
for "turning away so soon" from the One who had called
them (Gal 1:6). Could we ever be guilty of this?
Notice another aspect of Israel's idolatry:
How are our hearts? Are they pure (Mt 5:8; 1Pe 1:22), totally
and undividedly dedicated to God, or still partly in allegiance
with the world? Are our hearts indeed where our treasure is (Mt
6:21), or are they far from God (Mt 15:8)? The physically-circumcised
Israelites were uncircumcised of heart; the true Israel will be
composed of hearts that are circumcised:
TESTING GOD
GRUMBLING AND COMPLAINING
Let us look at the nature of some of their other complaints. Hearkening
back to the episode that culminated in God's judgement against
an entire generation, we read:
We are then admonished to endure, which the Israelites, who hardened
their hearts and rebelled, did not:
Picking up from where we left off, the author of Hebrews, having
admonished us to endure, to have faith, to not be hardened by
sin, then goes on to make some astounding statements:
The Scriptures prove that this was clearly not the case. God is
perfectly fair and impartial; He treats all with whom He is working
by the same standards. The Holy Spirit was indeed available to
the Israelites of old, but they rejected it, as they had constantly
rejected God. This was the testimony of Stephen before the Sanhedrin:
CONCLUSION
I wonder how many of us recall the following words, or words of
a similar nature, which I am about to quote to you?
"Did anyone ever think to ask why God raised up the ancient
people of Israel, denying them the Holy Spirit and eternal salvation-except
their prophets only?
I think that most of us would agree that-and we shall briefly
re-examine how-the Church today has extended to it the promises
made to Israel of old (Acts 26:6-7; Ro 1:1-3), and also that the
Scriptures point out to us that we have lessons to learn from
the history of ancient Israel. For us at this time of Unleavened
Bread, the Exodus and Israel's wilderness experience are particularly
pertinent: they left Egypt, as we leave this world of sin, and
dwelt forty years in the wilderness, picturing the completion
of our own exodus from sin and of our period of trial as Christians
in this age.
Why were the Old Testament Israelites called God's "chosen
people"-and still denied the Holy Spirit to beget them into
eternal life?
[God] was going to demonstrate to [the world] that the mind of
man, with its one spirit and without the addition of God's Holy
Spirit, could not have spiritual discernment, could not solve
human problems, could not cure the evils that were besetting humanity.
The nation Israel would be His "guinea pig" to demonstrate
that fact.
God let several generations of ancient Israel and Judah prove
by hundreds of years of human experience that the best of humanity,
without God's Holy Spirit, cannot solve human problems and evils!
That lesson proved, God has given those in His Church the Holy
Spirit!"
(Taken from an article by Herbert W. Armstrong in the May 1994
"Good News" magazine; pg. 1,24,25)
Let us begin by briefly pointing out once more how the Scriptures
clearly indicate that Israel of old provides the Church of God
today with types to fulfill:
Ps 147:19-20 He has revealed his word to Jacob, his laws
and decrees to Israel. 20 He has done this for no other nation;
they [other nations] do not know his laws.
The Church is the custodian of these same laws:
1Ti 3:15 but if I am delayed, I write so that you may
know how you ought to conduct yourself in the house of God, which
is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground [or
foundation] of the truth.
Ex 19:5-6 "'Now therefore, if you will indeed obey
My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure
to Me above all people; for all the earth is Mine. 6 And you shall
be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.' These are the
words which you shall speak to the children of Israel."
Isa 43:20-21 The wild animals honor me, the jackals and
the owls, because I provide water in the desert and streams in
the wasteland, to give drink to my people, my chosen, 21 the
people I formed for myself that they may proclaim my praise.
Note the parallels in the New Testament descriptions of the Church:
1Pe 2:9 But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood,
a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim
the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His
marvelous light.
Rev 1:6 and has made us [the glorified Church] kings and
priests to His God and Father, to Him be glory and dominion forever
and ever. Amen (cf. Rev 5:10; 20:6).
Israel is described as "the least" of all people, and
as "redeemed" from Egypt, a type of the world:
Dt 7:6-8 "For you are a holy people to the LORD your
God; the LORD your God has chosen you to be a people for Himself,
a special treasure above all the peoples on the face of the earth.
7 The LORD did not set His love on you nor choose you because
you were more in number than any other people, for you were
the least of all peoples; 8 but because the LORD loves you,
and because He would keep the oath which He swore to your fathers,
the LORD has brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed
you from the house of bondage, from the hand of Pharaoh king
of Egypt."
Similarly, the saints, the firstfruits of God, are redeemed from
the world:
Rev 14:3-4 They sang as it were a new song before the
throne, before the four living creatures, and the elders; and
no one could learn that song except the hundred and forty-four
thousand who were redeemed from the earth [world]. 4 These are
the ones who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins.
These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever He goes. These
were redeemed from among men, being firstfruits to God and to
the Lamb.
And the Church is-at least in the first instance-made up of the
foolish, the lowly, the weak things of this world (1Co 1:26-28),
and is but a "little flock" (Lk 12:32).
Dt 26:18-19 "Also today the LORD has proclaimed you
to be His special people, just as He promised you, that you should
keep all His commandments, 19 and that He will set you high above
all nations which He has made, in praise, in name, and in honor,
and that you may be a holy people to the LORD your God, just as
He has spoken."
This exaltation will be consummated through the Church:
Eph 5:27 that He might present her to Himself a glorious
church, not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing, but that
she should be holy and without blemish.
Finally, Paul's description of the Church as "the Israel
of God" validates this typology:
Rev 20:6 Blessed and holy is he who has part in the first
resurrection. Over such the second death has no power, but they
shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with Him
a thousand years. (See also Heb 12:22-24)
Gal 6:16 And as many as walk according to this rule, peace
and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God.
REMEMBERING-AND FORGETTING-GOD
Of all of His redemptive acts, God constantly called upon Israel
to especially remember His deliverance of them from the slavery
of Egypt through the Exodus. It was to serve both as a
perpetual reminder of God's power and mercy, as well as a frame
of reference for the people in their dealings amongst themselves
and with others around them. Yet Israel, as we know, so often
forgot. Let us note some examples of God's calls for Israel to
remember, as well as examples from Israel's history of forgetting.
The spiritual parallels are also valid today for the saints of
God, especially during this Unleavened Bread season.
Ex 13:3,14 And Moses said to the people: "Remember
this day in which you went out of Egypt, out of the house of bondage;
for by strength of hand the LORD brought you out of this
place. No leavened bread shall be eaten [in remembrance of
their deliverance]."
The consecration of the first-born was to be an unfailing reminder
of the deliverance of the nation from the bondage of Egypt:
14 (NIV) "In days to come, when your son asks you, 'What
does this [ceremony of consecrating the firstborn to God] mean?'
say to him, 'With a mighty hand the LORD brought us out
of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.'"
Ex 13:16 "It shall be as a sign on your hand and
as frontlets between your eyes, for by strength of hand the LORD
brought us out of Egypt."
They were warned not to forget that God was the Source of this
deliverance from bondage:
Dt 6:12 "then beware, lest you forget the LORD who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage."
But did Israel remember the delivering power of God?
Ps 106:21 (NIV) They forgot the God who saved them, who
had done great things in Egypt.
The entirety of Psalm 78 is a commentary on Israel's history of
disobedience and a warning to remember God's miraculous interventions
for them. Yet Israel forgot.
What about us today? How were we delivered from the bondage of
sin in the world?
Col 1:12-13 (NIV) giving thanks to the Father, who has
qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in the
kingdom of light [reminiscent of the Promised Land]. 13
For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness [reminiscent
of the Egypt of sin] and brought [transported, conveyed]
us into the kingdom of the Son he loves.
By the power of God, we who believe have been transported, as
it were, like ancient Israel-on "eagles' wings" (Ex
19:4)-from the captivity of the Devil's world onto the path toward
the promised Kingdom of God. We are the consecrated first-born
sons of God:
Heb 12:23 to the church of the firstborn, whose names
are written in heaven. You have come to God, the judge of all
men, to the spirits of righteous men made perfect.
The apostle Peter warns us of what can happen if we forget how
we have escaped the corruption of the world (2Pe 1:4) and fail
to allow God to build upon our faith:
2Pe 1:9 For he who lacks these things is shortsighted,
even to blindness, and has forgotten that he was cleansed from
his old sins.
The old leaven of the world comes back into our life, as it did
for Israel.
Dt 16:3 "You shall eat no leavened bread with it;
seven days you shall eat unleavened bread with it, that is, the
bread of affliction (for you came out of the land of Egypt in
haste) [a rapid, miraculous delivery, at least physically],
that you may remember the day in which you came out of the land
of Egypt all the days of your life."
Yet, once again, how quickly they forgot. It only took the approach
of Pharaoh and his army:
Ex 14:12 "Is this not the word that we told you in
Egypt, saying, 'Let us alone that we may serve the Egyptians?'
For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than
that we should die in the wilderness."
What had happened to their memories of the horrendous nature of
their oppression which had so embittered them (Ex 1:14) and which
had caused them to cry out for deliverance in the first place
(Ex 2:23)? What price freedom?
Lev 26:13 I am the LORD your God, who brought you out
of the land of Egypt, that you should not be their slaves; I have
broken the bands of your yoke and made you walk upright.
Once delivered by God from the shackles of sin, we too can walk
upright, heads held high:
Gal 5:1 Stand fast therefore in the liberty by which Christ
has made us free, and do not be entangled again with a yoke of
bondage. (Ro 8:5)
Otherwise we may forget the lesson of the sufferings brought about
by slavery to sin and relapse into bondage to the world, as did
these very Galatians whom Paul was admonishing:
Gal 4:9 But now after you have known God, or rather are
known by God, how is it that you turn again to the weak and beggarly
elements, to which you desire again to be in bondage?
And Paul asks them, in Gal 3:4 "Have you suffered so much
for nothing?"
Dt 7:18 "you shall not be afraid of them [nations
stronger than them], but you shall remember well what the LORD
your God did to Pharaoh and to all Egypt."
Yet we know how the false report of the spies about the inhabitants
of the Promised Land was sufficient to melt the faithless hearts
of the people and cause a rebellion (Nu 13 &14).
When even more powerful forces of evil are arraigned against us,
do we recall the power that delivered us from the bondage of the
world, the power that does indeed provide the means for us to
stand?
Eph 6:11-13 Put on the whole armor of God, that you may
be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12 For we do
not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities,
against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age,
against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places.
13 Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that you may be
able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.
Dt 16:12 "And you shall remember that you were a
slave in Egypt, and you shall be careful to observe these statutes."
Even the command to keep the Sabbath day holy was referenced to
the memory of God's delivery from their bondage in Egypt. We may
like to ponder some of the reasons for this:
Dt 24:17-18,19-22 "You shall not pervert justice
due the stranger or the fatherless, nor take a widow's garment
as a pledge. 18 But you shall remember that you were a slave
in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from there; therefore
I command you to do this thing."
19 "When you reap your harvest in your field, and forget
a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall
be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that the LORD
your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When
you beat your olive trees, you shall not go over the boughs again;
it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 21
When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you shall not glean
it afterward; it shall be for the stranger, the fatherless, and
the widow. 22 And you shall remember that you were a slave in
the land of Egypt; therefore I command you to do this thing."
Dt 5:15 And remember that you were a slave in the land
of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out from there by
a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm; therefore the LORD your
God commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.
Likewise, the memory of our experience in coming out of bondage
to the world should motivate us to be ever diligent to obey God,
so that we never again relapse into slavery to sin. Notice Christ's
warning to the Church:
Rev 2:5 "Remember therefore from where you have fallen
[recall from whence you came when you were first enlightened];
repent and do the first works [the works of your first love,
which has grown cold by pollution from the world], or else
I will come to you quickly and remove your lampstand from its
place; unless you repent."
Dt 8:2 "And you shall remember that the LORD your
God led you all the way these forty years in the wilderness, to
humble you and test you, to know what was in your heart, whether
you would keep His commandments or not."
We are similarly tested through correction during our wilderness
journey out of the Egypt of this world:
Heb 12:5-8 And you have forgotten the exhortation which
speaks to you as to sons: "My son, do not despise the chastening
of the LORD, nor be discouraged when you are rebuked by Him; 6
for whom the LORD loves He chastens, and scourges every son whom
He receives." 7 If you endure chastening, God deals with
you as with sons; for what son is there whom a father does not
chasten? 8 But if you are without chastening, of which all have
become partakers, then you are illegitimate and not sons.
JUDGEMENT IN THE WILDERNESS
The apostle Jude refers to God's act of judgement on the unbelieving
Israelites who had come out of Egypt as one of the three examples
of divine judgement listed in his epistle:
Jude 5 But I want to remind you [the Church today also
needs to remember this], though you once knew this, that the
Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward
destroyed those who did not believe.
Let look at the incident to which Jude appears to be referring
and also note God's summation of Israel's sin when He passes sentence
upon them. We will revisit some more specific problems later on:
Nu 14:22-23,26-29,32-35 "because all these men who
have seen My glory and the signs which I did in Egypt and in the
wilderness, and have put Me to the test now these ten times [marking
completeness (cf. Gen 31:7), like our expression "over and
over again"], and have not heeded My voice, 23 they
certainly shall not see the land of which I swore to their fathers,
nor shall any of those who rejected Me see it."
The people had complained about dying in the wilderness, and this
now was indeed to be their fate. Their children who, because of
their age were no doubt considered less accountable, would enter
the land. Yet the sins of their fathers also took its toll upon
them:
26 And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, 27 "How
long shall I bear with this evil congregation who complain against
Me? I have heard the complaints which the children of Israel make
against Me. 28 Say to them, 'As I live,' says the LORD, 'just
as you have spoken in My hearing, so I will do to you: 29 The
carcasses of you who have complained against Me shall fall in
this wilderness, all of you who were numbered, according to your
entire number, from twenty years old and above.'"
32 "'But as for you, your carcasses shall fall in this wilderness.
33 And your sons shall be shepherds [NEB: "wanderers"]
in the wilderness forty years, and bear the brunt of your infidelity,
until your carcasses are consumed in the wilderness. 34 According
to the number of the days in which you spied out the land, forty
days, for each day you shall bear your guilt one year, namely
forty years, and you shall know My rejection. 35 I the LORD have
spoken this; I will surely do so to all this evil congregation
who are gathered together against Me. In this wilderness they
shall be consumed, and there they shall die.'"
God describes the sin of the people as "infidelity",
or unfaithfulness-in other words, as a breach of their covenant
marriage to Him. They were guilty of spiritual adultery (cf. Jer
3:6-14).
So instead of being humbled by their wilderness experience and
becoming more receptive to God, Israel instead became disobedient.
In spite of their miraculous redemption from Egypt, along with
the hand of God consistently delivering them and providing for
them in the wilderness, the majority of the people failed to learn
the lesson (1Co 10:5). The apostle Paul tells us to apply the
lessons of history and learn from their experiences
1Co 10:6 (NIV) Now these things occurred as examples [NKJV:
"became our examples"] to keep us from setting our hearts
on evil things as they did.
In other words, we must be alert to the personal nature of the
Old Testament messages. They are expressly meant for us, as indeed
is the example of Israel.
Ro 15:4 (NRSV) For whatever was written in former days
[Paul's reference is to the Old Testament, the only Scriptures
then available] was written for our instruction, so that by
steadfastness and by the encouragement of the scriptures we might
have hope.
An example can of course be good or bad. Paul urged the Philippians
to follow his example and that of other like-minded individuals
(Php 3:17). He also commended the Thessalonians for their fine
example (1Th 1:7). Yet, when we consider the history of Israel
in the wilderness, we seem to find mostly bad examples. When Paul,
in 1Co 10:5 wrote that God was not pleased with "most"
of the Israelites, he was in fact massively understating the facts:
of all the adults who came out of Egypt, only Joshua and Caleb
were to enter the Promised Land (Nu 14:22-24, 28-35)!
1Co 10:7 And do not become idolaters as were some of them.
As it is written, "The people sat down to eat and drink,
and rose up to play."
The quotation is from Ex 32:6, in connection with the worship
of the golden calf and, in view of the problems in the Church
at Corinth in regard to idolatry and the issue of food offered
to idols, the warning was of primary importance. However, what
about us today who-presumably-are not encompassed with examples
of such rampant idolatry?
Let us have a closer look at the account of the golden calf:
Ex 32:1,4-6 Now when the people saw that Moses delayed
coming down from the mountain, the people gathered together to
[or "against"] Aaron, and said to him, "Come, make
us gods [or "a god" (Heb: elohiym)] that shall
go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up
out of the land of Egypt, we do not know what has become of him."
The Israelites fashioned a god in the mould of the familiar Egyptian
bull-cults which flourished in the Nile Delta region, yet only
one image was made, in contrast to the polytheistic society
of Egypt from whence they came. Not only that, but then they kept
"a feast to the LORD", accompanied with burnt offerings
and fellowship offerings, just as they had previously seen sacrificed
to God (Ex 29), and "sat down to eat" after the pattern
of the normal fellowship offering (Lev 7:11-18). Yet eating could
in some cases be a stepping-stone to idolatry, a theme also addressed
by Paul in ICo 10. Then followed the revelry similar to that normally
associated with pagan religious practices. This also may have
involved sexual immorality, but it is not precisely stated. We
are simply told that the people "cast off restraint"
(v 25). The sense is that they began to play like children.
4 And he received the gold from their hand, and he fashioned it
with an engraving tool, and made a molded calf. Then they said,
"This is your god (Heb: elohiym), O Israel, that brought
you out of the land of Egypt!" 5 So when Aaron saw it, he
built an altar before it. And Aaron made a proclamation and said,
"Tomorrow is a feast to the LORD." 6 Then they rose
early on the next day, offered burnt offerings, and brought peace
offerings; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose
up to play.
Acts 7:39 "whom our fathers would not obey, but rejected.
And in their hearts they turned back to Egypt (cf. Nu 14:3-4)."
God's testimony also confirmed that His people Israel had really
never forsaken the idolatry learned by their sojourn in
Egypt:
Eze 20:7-8 "Then I said to them, 'Each of you, throw
away the abominations which are before his eyes, and do not defile
yourselves with the idols of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.' 8
But they rebelled against Me and would not obey Me. They did
not all cast away the abominations which were before their eyes,
nor did they forsake the idols of Egypt. Then I said, 'I
will pour out My fury on them and fulfill My anger against them
in the midst of the land of Egypt.'"
The Israelites left Egypt physically, but they still carried with
them the mind-set of Egypt. They yearned after the fleshpots of
Egypt as they did after the gods of Egypt.
Eze 23:8 She has never given up her harlotry brought
from Egypt, for in her youth they had lain with her, pressed her
virgin bosom, and poured out their immorality upon her.
Ex 16:3 And the children of Israel said to them, "Oh,
that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt,
when we sat by the pots of meat and when we ate bread to the full!
For you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this
whole assembly with hunger."
What their lusts for the delicacies of Egypt did to the Israelites,
the lures of the world (1Jn 2:16) can do to us today: quickly
blind our eyes to the reality of the bondage that follows immediately
in the wake of these lusts.
Nu 11:4-6 Now the mixed multitude who were among them
yielded to intense craving; so the children of Israel also wept
again and said: "Who will give us meat to eat 5 We remember
the fish which we ate freely in Egypt, the cucumbers, the melons,
the leeks, the onions, and the garlic; 6 but now our whole being
is dried up; there is nothing at all except this manna before
our eyes!"
Ro 2:29 but he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision
is that of the heart, in the Spirit, not in the letter; whose
praise is not from men but from God.
SEXUAL IMMORALITY
1Co 10:8 Nor let us commit [indulge in] sexual immorality,
as some of them did, and in one day twenty-three thousand fell.
The reference here is to Nu 25:1-9 where Israel, under similar
conditions, succumbed to idolatrous fornication with the women
of Moab and joined themselves to Baal.
The connection between idolatry and fornication was very close
(see Nu 25:1-9), and this was again particularly relevant to the
Corinthians, for in Corinth prostitution was a part of the worship
of the goddess Aphrodite, and this was the culture of temple worship
(ICo 5 & 6) from which the Corinthians hailed. Indeed, Paul
had previously in his epistle instructed the Corinthians to flee
sexual immorality:
1Co 6:18 Flee sexual immorality. Every sin that a man
does is outside the body, but he who commits sexual immorality
sins against his own body.
But what about the relevance for us today? This very example of
immorality is referenced to the words of Jesus Christ warning
the Church against false teaching, against doctrines which seduce
the believer into compromise with the world:
Rev 2:14 "But I have a few things against you, because
you have there those who hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught
Balak to put a stumbling block before the children of Israel,
to eat things sacrificed to idols, and to commit sexual immorality."
Similarly:
Rev 2:20-21 "Nevertheless I have a few things against
you, because you allow that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a
prophetess, to teach and seduce My servants to commit sexual immorality
and eat things sacrificed to idols. 21 And I gave her time to
repent of her sexual immorality, and she did not repent."
The admonition to flee spiritual fornication-any teaching that
limits the Holy One of Israel (Ps 78:41) and perverts the Gospel
of Christ (Gal 1:7)-is just as pertinent to spiritual Israel today.
Are we heeding it?
1Co 10:9 (NRSV) We must not put Christ to the test [the
Greek word has a primary and secondary meaning: to prove, as Abraham
was tested (Heb 11:17), and to test-or tempt-with the purpose
of causing failure], as some of them did, and were destroyed
by serpents.
Let us look at the incident to which Paul was referring:
Nu 21:4-6 Then they journeyed from Mount Hor by the Way
of the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom; and the soul of
the people became very discouraged on the way. 5 And the people
spoke against God and against Moses: "Why have you brought
us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food
and no water, and our soul loathes this worthless bread."
6 So the LORD sent fiery [the Hebrew word is the same word
translated as "seraphim" or "seraphs" in Is
6:2] serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and
many of the people of Israel died.
They also made unjust accusations against God Himself:
Dt 1:27 "and you complained in your tents, and said,
'Because the LORD hates us, He has brought us out of the land
of Egypt to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy
us."
God was put to the test, tried beyond measure, by the persistent
ingratitude of His rebellious people. They accused God unjustly.
Job did the same, didn't he?
Israel in the wilderness put God to the test more than once (Ex
17:2; Ps 106:14). Notice this account from the psalmist:
Ps 78:18-20 (NIV) They willfully put God to the
test by demanding the food they craved. 19 They spoke against
God, saying, "Can God spread a table in the desert? 20 When
he struck the rock, water gushed out, and streams flowed abundantly.
But can he also give us food? Can he supply meat for his people?"
The Israelites had witnessed the works of God: His miraculous
plagues upon Egypt, the parting of the Red Sea, the provision
of food in the desert. Yet they still doubted God and put Him
to the test. Could we possibly tempt, test or speak against God
today-if not in word, perhaps by our actions?
Ps 95:9 where your fathers tested and tried me, though
they had seen what I did.
Heb 12:25 See that you do not refuse Him who speaks.
The manner by which Israel tested God was closely linked to the
last category of their major sins as listed by the apostle Paul
(1Co 10:10)
1Co 10:10 (NIV) And do not grumble, as some of them did--and
were killed by the destroying angel.
The reference is most certainly to the rebellion of Korah (Nu
16:41-50), where violent retribution ensued, although Paul may
well have had in mind the factionalism of the Church in Corinth
(1Co 1:11-12; 4:6,18).
Nu 14:2-4 And all the children of Israel complained against
Moses and Aaron, and the whole congregation said to them, "If
only we had died in the land of Egypt! Or if only we had died
in this wilderness! 3 Why has the LORD brought us to this land
to fall by the sword, that our wives and children should become
victims? Would it not be better for us to return to Egypt?"
4 So they said to one another, "Let us select a leader and
return to Egypt."
How quickly, once hardship had set in (hadn't they long been accustomed
to hardship? What made their hardship in Egypt more appealing,
we wonder?), they quickly lost their sense of perspective; their
vision became clouded and distorted. Discontent and backsliding
set in. Their complaints and murmurings once again became accusations.
They refused to believe in what had been promised them. The word
of God was impugned.
Nu 20:5 "And why have you made us come up out of
Egypt, to bring us to this evil place? It is not a place of grain
or figs or vines or pomegranates; nor is there any water to drink."
The apostle James tells us that grumbling makes us more susceptible
to swift judgement from God (Jas 5:9):
Nu 21:5 And the people spoke against God and against Moses:
"Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness?
For there is no food and no water, and our soul loathes this worthless
bread."
Ps 106:25 (NRSV) They grumbled in their tents, and did
not obey the voice of the LORD.
Php 2:14-15 Do all things without murmuring [against
God, as well as against one another] and arguing, 15 so that
you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish
in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, in which you
shine like stars in the world.
ISRAEL AND UNBELIEF: THE WARNING FOR US
The writer of the Book of Hebrews, quoting from Psalm 95:7-11,
also uses the example of the Israelites under Moses to warn the
Church of the danger of unbelief and disobedience. Let us examine
the lessons here for us.
Heb 3:7-12 Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: "Today,
if you will hear His voice, 8 do not harden your hearts as in
the rebellion, in the day of trial in the wilderness, 9 where
your fathers tested Me, tried Me, and saw My works forty years.
10 Therefore I was angry with that generation, and said, 'They
always go astray in their heart, and they have not known My ways.'
11 So I swore in My wrath, 'They shall not enter My rest.'"
12 Beware, brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart
of unbelief [NIV: "a sinful, unbelieving heart"] in
departing from the living God.
One of the preventatives for such a condition is to encourage
one another:
Heb 3:13 but exhort one another [the Greek actually
says "encourage yourselves", stressing the unity of
the Body of the Church] daily, while it is called "Today,"
lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin.
Sin is a seducer. The desert experience of the Israelites precluded
this atmosphere of encouragement, and ultimately a whole generation
was infected with the hardness and deceitfulness of sin. This
can likewise be the case for us: if this constant mutual exhortation
is lacking, both the individual and the Church as a whole are
not strengthened as they ought to be. The germs of unbelief can
then begin to sprout, and evil God-defying thoughts can start
to spread. If unchecked, the entire attitude can become dominated
by these thoughts, and godly character destroyed.
Heb 3:14-15 For we have become partakers of Christ if
we hold the beginning of our confidence steadfast to the end,
15 while it is said: "Today, if you will hear His voice,
Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion."
The psalmist once again powerfully portrays this sin of unbelief:
Heb 3:16-19 For who, having heard, rebelled? Indeed, was
it not all who came out of Egypt, led by Moses? 17 Now with whom
was He angry forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose
corpses fell in the wilderness? 18 And to whom did He swear that
they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey?
19 So we see that they could not enter in because of unbelief.
Ps 106:24 (NRSV) Then they despised the pleasant land,
having no faith in his promise.
THE SOBERING LESSON OF ISRAEL
The history of Israel, both in the wilderness and in the Land
of Promise, is an inglorious one. And it is quite easy to see,
in overview, the important lesson of how a nation gathered by
God, both succored and corrected, still rejects the grace offered
it and ends up in exile. This alone is a dismal picture.
Yet when we fully consider the nature of the wilderness experience
of Israel, especially as it pertains to us during this period
of our journey through the wilderness of the world from which
we have come physically but which still clings to us, we discern
a still more sobering lesson.
Heb 4:1 Therefore, since a promise remains of entering
His rest, let us fear lest any of you seem to have come short
of it.
To us, the promise of salvation-the eternal, spiritual rest typified
by the physical rest of the Canaan, the Land of Promise-is still
held being held out. We must fear-in godly fashion-lest we fail
to attain this eternal rest. Mere hearing is not enough. Notice
verse 2:
Heb 4:2 For indeed the gospel was preached to us as
well as to them; but the word which they heard did not profit
them, not being mixed with faith in those who heard it.
Israel of old had the Gospel preached to them, we are here told!
The same Gospel preached to the Church, the only true Gospel (Gal
1:6-7). The Scriptures further validate this fact:
Ne 9:20,30 "You gave your good Spirit to instruct
them [Israel]. You did not withhold your manna from their mouths,
and you gave them water for their thirst.
However, to them this Gospel was not combined with faith, we are
further told (Heb 4:6). Why not? Was this the problem: they were
unable to exercise the faith necessary for belief because God
had denied them the Holy Spirit?
30 For many years you were patient with them. By your Spirit
you admonished them through your prophets. Yet they paid no attention,
so you handed them over to the neighboring peoples."
Isa 63:10 Yet they [Israel] rebelled and grieved his Holy
Spirit. So he turned and became their enemy and he himself fought
against them.
Acts 7:51 (NIV) "You stiff-necked people, with uncircumcised
hearts and ears! You are just like your fathers: You always
[ie, you, as did your ancestors before you] resist the
Holy Spirit!"
The circumcision of the Jews whom Stephen condemned was just as
meaningless as the circumcision of the Israelites in the wilderness.
It did not affect their hearts (Jer 4:4) nor their ears (Dt 10:16).
How could God even have His Spirit work in the lives of such rebellious
people who constantly resisted Him, people whose remorse upon
correction was merely the sorrow of the world and not the sorrow
which works true repentance (2Co 7:10) and makes possible the
indwelling of the Spirit of God?
Notice yet again the words of the psalmist:
Ps 106:7 Our fathers in Egypt did not understand
[NIV: "gave no thought"; NRSV: "did not consider"]
Your wonders; [because] they did not remember the multitude of
Your mercies, but rebelled by the sea; the Red Sea.
The Israelites as a whole did not ponder the significance of the
miracles of God; indeed were not even inclined to do so. Rebellion
was in their heart from the beginning and all along.
Notice the further testimony in the psalms:
Ps 78:22,32 (NIV) for they did not believe in God or trust
in his deliverance.
As was previously noted in Heb 3:16, "having heard, [they
still] rebelled". They had ears to hear, but not to listen,
to believe or to obey. Do we? Does our hearing the Gospel meet
with the faith and belief essential for salvation? If so, we may
indeed enter that rest:
32 In spite of all this [referring to God's punishment], they
kept on sinning; in spite of his wonders, they did not believe.
Heb 4:3 For we who have believed do enter that rest
In the next verse, the true, eternal rest is spoken of:
Heb 4:6 (NIV) It still remains that some [the true saints
of God (vv. 7-9)] will enter that rest [here the true
spiritual rest, that of the Kingdom of God, is being spoken of],
and those who formerly had the gospel preached to them [Israel
of old] did not go in [to enter this true rest], because
of their disobedience.
The punishment for this failure to enter God's rest is therefore
obviously more severe than mere physical death, since we today
are forewarned that we can fail in the same manner as the Israelites
in the desert. Thus the tragedy of unbelieving Israel is seen
to be far greater than appears on the surface. The greatness of
their failure lay not merely in that they could not enter Canaan,
but in that they were also irrevocably excluded from the eternal
rest of God. Israel was not some "guinea pig" manipulated
by God to prove some point to us today, even though that point
may indeed be valid. The tragic lesson of Israel in the wilderness
is that they rejected the witness of the Gospel held out before
them!
Heb 4:11 Let us therefore be diligent to enter that rest,
lest anyone fall according to the same example of disobedience
[a copy of the same terrible example set by the Israelites].
Throughout the Scriptures, the wilderness has always been the
place where God meets man to discipline and to deliver. The desert
will again prove how deeply the people of God are committed to
Him (Hos 2:14). Israel of old failed to learn the lesson. We must
ensure that we do not follow their example. It is vitally important.
Just as we, like Israel in the wilderness, have the same promise,
the same privilege, so we face the same penalty for failure. Israel
perished because of unbelief. We face the same peril today. It
is easy to copy a bad example, but far harder to learn from it.
Let's make absolutely sure that we do.