ACTS 24
PAUL IN CAESAREA
COURAGE TO EXPLOIT OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE GOSPEL
© Orest Solyma  
The Church of God in Williamstown
WEB SITE: http://www.alphalink.com.au/~sanhub/index_.htm

Though Acts 22-23 reveals the incoherence of the venomous anger of religious leaders against the Truth and the Way of life God calls us to, the good that is revealed through the experiences of the apostle Paul is daunting and awesome. We'll see more evidence of that as we conclude chapters 23 and 24.

We should recall that the pack of wolves, more than 40 leading Jews, with the endorsement of the Sanhedrin, went berserk against Paul by vowing to not eat nor drink until they had murdered him. The apostle's nephew, son of his sister, was instrumental in going to Lysias, commander of the Jerusalem garrison, to reveal the plot. 470 soldiers were assigned to protect Paul, just one man, until they reached Antipatris (about 50 km; 30 miles) N.W. of Jerusalem, with 70 cavalry escorting him the remainder of the distance to the Roman administrative capital on the Palestine coast, Caesarea, where the governor, Antonius Felix, was resident.

Let's review the story from Acts 23:23-35 and examine the letter Lysias sent to Felix. We should recognise that Paul consistently did everything with wholeheartedness and with all the godly might available to him. This is superb example for each of us to follow!

As we go through these Scriptures we might ask:

The intention is obvious. The whole group, under the command of two centurions, was to move quite fast through the middle part of the night. With at least two horses provided for Paul it is reasonable to suggest that by covering a mile each 12 minutes, estimating conservatively, they reached Antipatris about 3 am. After breakfast the 400 foot-soldiers left to go back to Jerusalem which would have been achieved by at least early afternoon. The Jews were doing the wrong thing, and Lysias did the right thing by rescuing Paul from these troublesome Jews. Felix was not popular among them as commentators inform us. Quite evidently, there is considerable and careful thought in this short letter. Furthermore, why should an innocent man outrage so many leaders to the extent that they want to kill him? We are encouraged to think, to consider, to discuss the ramifications and implications. About 3000 times the Bible urges us to heed, to hear, to listen, to remember, to behold, to see, to not forget, and Selah! which means, having understood what you have just heard and read, see its relationship with what you are to hear and read next. Selah is used 71 times in the Psalms (from 3:2 to 143:6; also in Lam 1:15; Hab 3:3,9,13).

The Bible could have merely said that Paul was taken to the governor for trial under Roman protection. Instead we are told how God inspired an enormous amount of His involvement in the life of Paul and perhaps inspiration in Lysias' letter. Since God is not a respecter of persons He would do the same for all those who are being prepared for the Coming of His Son (Jn 10:14,27-9; 17:9-11,15-9; Heb 13:5-6; Acts 10:34). What is written is there for us to carefully examine and learn from. If the word of God is the word of God then there are very valuable and essential lessons to learn from everything that is there even if it seems relatively unimportant. The immeasurable genius, or better, the omniscience, and the goodness of God are consistently revealed. If we are to live by every word of God then we should surely - more carefully - consider the words of God, and furthermore, with fear and trembling (Is 66:2,5; Ps 2:11; 96:7-9).

This was written while Paul was imprisoned in Rome; some months or more after the events of Acts 24.

Continuing in Acts 23:31-35:

This seems like a peculiar question to ask. It is not a strange question if we consider that Felix was thinking carefully not only about what was written in the letter, but what led to its writing, and what would be the consequences of dealing with what seems like a distinctly Jewish matter being dealt with by Roman jurisdiction. We know that all Scripture is by the inspiration of God (2Tim 3:16), and we are also told to live by every word of God (Mt 4:4; Lk 4:4; Dt 8:3). What significances are there in all this detail we've just read? Aren't there lots of other incidents in Paul's life that we wish we had some information about? How did he die? Why aren't there more details about the reasons for his writing of 1st and 2nd Thessalonians?

THE POWER OF GOD
It is my experience that one of the most common problems we have is the failure to recall and respond, as faithful children of God, to the love and daily care God has for each one who is called, faithful, and chosen (Rev 17:14). How well aware is each of us of the fact that God knows of the insignificant death of a sparrow, and the number of hairs on each person's head (Mt 10:29-31; Lk 21:18)? If God is fully aware of such trivia, relatively speaking, what is He aware of? Before going on with Acts 24 may I recall some remarkable teaching about God's omniscience (His knowing everything), God's omnipotence (His having all power), His everlasting mercy and love which He freely gives.

When Satan went before the Heavenly Court, seeking permission to devour whoever is righteous on the earth, he responded to the offer of chastise Job (Heb 12:5-11) with these words:

Did Job feel alienated, isolated, neglected by God in all his sore trials? Of course! But was he far from God's awareness and care? Was there anything God was not aware of? It was Job who suffered the ignorances of being unaware of the fullness of the power of God. But he learned well - eventually. Job's repentance had much to do with the deep realisation that God is ever-present and ever aware of everything. It is we who diminish, who alienate and separate ourselves from God (Is 59:1-5; Lam 3:40-4; Ps 66:18; Mic 3:4; Jn 9:31).

GOD'S OMNISCIENCE: GOD KNOWS EVERYTHING!
If God does not know everything He is limited and is not Almighty. This contradicts Scripture.

Ps 139:1-7 has a remarkable description of the immeasurable capacities of God to see all and to deal with all matters.

Powerful verses expressing God's searching our innermost being are: Ps 51:6; 19:12; and Rev 2:23. How is it that God knows our innermost motivations that we may not recognise until revealed to us? God is a God of Truth. The heart of man is deceitful (Jer 17:9; Rom 8:7).

Ps 147:5 says to us:

Is 40:28-31 has more to say on this subject of the omniscience of God: Is 46:10 states that God declares the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are not yet done (This is the nature of prophecy!). God says, 'My counsel shall stand, and I will do all My pleasure.' Who can alter what God predicts (Is 42:9; 44:7; 45:19,21)?

The superscript to Ps 34 says that David, while on the run from murderous Saul, sought refuge in the capital of the Philistines, Gath. He pretended to be insane to escape the clutches of king Achish (1Sam 21:10-15; cp Rahab's 'pretence' in Josh 2, especially vs 3-7; and notice God's praise of her action in Jas 2:25 and Heb 11:31). God does not advocate situation ethics.

The omniscience of God is seen in the grandest expression of prophecy: Time, in the sense that we comprehend, is a measure of physical activity, so measurable time began with the beginning of a physical creation. but the promise of eternal life is before that!

These three Scriptures, like quite a number of others, tell us that the entire Plan: the choosing of the Lamb (therefore the anticipation of sin before the creation of the universe [Heb 1:2-3]), God's grace, and the promise of eternal life were foreseen and defined by God before the creation of the universe. These mind-boggling facts, expressions of the power and omniscience of God, are generally not properly dealt with, nor well-explained in the churches, if at all, in terms of significance and impact on the lives of the saints, the impact on doctrinal exposition, and the understanding of verses as Mt 5:17-18, and Heb 8:13. Heb 8:13 says that the Old Covenant is still in the process of vanishing. Who decides what is and isn't extant? God or man?

The understanding of predestination, which is not determinism of one's fate, is more readily grasped as expressed in Rom 8:28-30 and Eph 1:3-12. All of us always have our freedom of choice! Please see the sermon, What is Truth? for more on Predestination.

Yes, Christians are to always bring blessing and honour to the Name of God! If not, what will God do in response?

A PACK OF WOLVES COMES TO CAESAREA
Acts 24:1ff Now after five days (Paul had to do it in less than one day). Ananias the high priest came down with the elders (i.e., some of the large pack of wolves, the Sanhedrin, came from Jerusalem to do justice to Paul!) and a certain orator named Tertullus (Perhaps equivalent to a highly paid, very skillful, very cunning, but unscrupulous barrister). These gave evidence (which was true, and well substantiated) to the governor against Paul.
2 When he was called upon, Tertullus began his accusation (So characteristic of Satan the accuser of the brethren [Rev 12:10]), saying: "Seeing that through you we enjoy great peace, and prosperity is being brought to this nation by your foresight (Can we overlook the groveling hypocrisy?), 3 we accept it always and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness (And furthermore, we are so truthful, as you, most noble Felix, are well aware!). 4 Nevertheless, not to be tedious to you any further (because you are such an important man with far better things to do. So let us, the Sanhedrin, sort out this non-Roman matter!), I beg you to hear, by your courtesy, a few words from us. (You're a wonderful leader, Felix. We don't want to waste your valuable time with this simple and petty matter, so we'll deal with it quickly. You'll readily agree that we are right, and this troublemaker, Paul, needs to be eliminated by us!)
5 We have found this man a plague, a creator of dissension among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader of the sect (Gk. hairesis; heresy) of the Nazarenes (He must be a plague because he doesn't agree with us who are greater in number, greater in followers, and have our own constitution and human traditions which this heretic won't follow. We aren't troublemakers like he is! Let's dispose of this plague!).
6 He even tried to profane the temple, and we seized him. (Do you notice all the truthful witnesses we have to these accusations? Surely, you can see how reasonable we are! Surely we don't have to go through this time wasting nonsense of proving all these accusations? We are good men! You're a good man! So believe and accept our verdict!)

The following portion (24:6b-8a), as in the NKJV (is upheld in the TR [Textus Receptus] and Western Texts), but not the NIV, NRSV, NJB, NEB, and invariably with qualifying footnotes in most Bibles, is not in most of the manuscripts. It is in the Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, some Byzantine texts, some Sahidic (from the 3rd century), Old Latin, and Georgian manuscripts, but is not in most manuscripts which are mostly after the Sinaiticus which is from the 4th century. I am told this in Metzger's Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament [2nd Edition; 1994], and the UBS Greek New Testament [3rd Edition; 1983]). However, a few scholars accept these 'additions' as authentic:

These supposed additions to the original text do not affect doctrine, but do affect what we might further conclude about this historical incident with Paul in Caesarea. If we accept the additional text we find there is obvious implication that Lysias is being criticised on two or three counts which stole the opportunity from the Sanhedrin to deal with Paul as they wanted (see verses 7 and 8 again).

The United Bible Society (UBS) Committee, which determines the modern Majority Text for the New Testament (indicated in the NKJV by the symbol NU). The UBS Committee dealt with the Greek word for seized in 28:6a (ekratesamen; literally: "we laid hold of"). They decided that this verb, in the aorist tense (where the action is unclear as to being momentary or continuous), and has an apparent association with ou (whom) [i.e., 'the commander' in v7], makes Lysias the subject of questioning, but Paul is self-evidently the subject of questioning. Because of this possible theoretical assumption, and these words not being included in selected manuscripts, the Committee decided to exclude the entire section: 28:6b-8a.

I mention this because there is considerable 'scholarship' being exerted to create in the minds of those who still hold to 2Tim 3:16 that the Scriptures are the product of later times (frequently beyond the life times of the "assumed" writers), contain scribal errors, express doctrinal prejudices, or in not understanding 'original' text error is reflected in translation or emendations. It is also assumed that there are errors in oral transmission before preservation in writing was effected. In undermining the authenticity of Scripture, and by precluding the Biblical teaching that Scripture is the Word of God and is understood by the Spirit of God, people who try to be faithful are led into the arms of wolves dressed as sheep. Some readers, or hearers of this message, may find it hard to believe that what I say is true. The NRSV Study Bible (HarperCollins; 1989) says in the Introduction to Daniel: "The book appearing under the name of Daniel is actually by an unknown author." The NIV Study Bible (Zondervan; 1985) affirms that the work is by Daniel and lists Dan 9:2 and 10:2 as partial verification. The NEB (Oxford Study Edition; 1972) casts doubt on Daniel's authorship of the book, whereas the NASB gives a strong defence for Daniel's authorship. However, the NJB (Darton, Longman & Todd; 1985), which is a Catholic translation, is very firm that the book was written several hundred years after Daniel and could not be the work of that prophet.

A German theologian, Gerd Ldemann, says:

"the gulf between historical fact and its significance, between history and proclamation, between the history of Jesus and the varied picture of his history in the New Testament makes it impossible for us to continue to offer a serious defence of the inspiration of the writings of the New Testament or even to identify Word of God and holy scriptures" (HERETICS, The Other Side of Christianity (John Knox Press; 1996); p 2).
And this man proposes to reveal to the general public and scholars the truth about heresy in the church! Should it not be 'the heresy about heretical truths'?

Let's continue with Tertullus' address, on behalf of the Sanhedrin, to Felix:

OPPORTUNITY TO PREACH THE GOSPEL
Acts 24:14 But this I confess to you, that according to the Way which they call a sect, so I worship the God of my fathers, believing all things which are written in the Law and in the Prophets (Christ proved that their claims of believing Abraham, Moses, the Prophets, and upholding the Law were false [Mt 23; Jn 5:42-7; 8:37-47; Acts 7:37-59]. 15 I have hope in God, which they themselves also accept, that there will be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and the unjust. 16 This being so, I myself always strive to have a conscience without offense toward God and men.

Do we recall that Paul had incited Ananias [Acts 23:1] by saying, "I have lived in all good conscience before God until today!"
Is Paul being provocative? I think so. Ananias needs to be exposed for the evil man that he is. Christians should "have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose [reprove, rebuke] them." as Paul tells us in Eph 5:11. Paul told Timothy: "Those who are sinning rebuke in the presence of all, that the rest may fear." (1Tim 5:20). Christ did likewise; as did the prophets, and Scripture urges the saints to follow these examples (Mt 18:17; 2Tim 4:2; Tit 1:9,13; 2:15; Jude & c.).

Here Paul seizes the opportunity to preach that part of the Gospel that he believes will have the best impact, especially in the recognition that Pharisees and Sadducees could not agree to.
So what does Paul begin to address? It is characteristic of evil people, who dine at the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, that we see this extraordinary mix of good and evil, of congruity and incongruity, of sense and nonsense, of rationality and irrationality, of desiring good and doing evil. Why is recognition and consequent reaction to this process so poor among many claiming to be Christian?

Acts 24:27a

The reason for Felix' recall from his governorship was that he dealt too severely with some rioting in Caesarea. This is what F.F. Bruce explains in his commentary. In Acts 25-26 we'll see how Festus and Agrippa dealt with Paul. EXHORTATION TO BEST PRACTICE
Let's conclude with this exhortation of true Christianity and 'best practice':

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